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BREAST CANCER Awareness
October is the month of "Breast cancer awareness". Sorry girls, I am bit late đ
Breast cancer is the most common of all cancers and is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide, accounting for >1.6% of deaths and case fatality rates are highest in low-resource countries. A recent study of breast cancer risk in India revealed that 1 in 28 women develop breast cancer during her lifetime. This is higher in urban areas being 1 in 22 in a lifetime compared to rural areas where this risk is relatively much lower being 1 in 60 women developing breast cancer in their lifetime. In India the average age of the high risk group in India is 43-46 years unlike in the west where women aged 53-57 years are more prone to breast cancer. (Reference - https://tmc.gov.in/cancerinfo/breast/breast.html)
Breast cancer risks (Reference - http://www.breakthrough.org.uk/about-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-risk-factors/our-genes-and-bodies)
1. Age - increases risk
2. Being female - increases risk (men also have incidents of breast cancer)
3. Being taller - increases risk
4. Early puberty - increases risk
5. Ethnicity - affects risk (white women have higher chances of developing breast cancer than black, asian)
6. Genetics - increase risk
7. High breast density - increases risk
8. Late menopause - increases risk
9. Other breast conditions (proliferative benign breast disease) - increase risk
10. Bigger size at birth - possibly increases risk
11. Miscarriage - possibly affects risk
Age shift: Breast cancer now more common in 30's and 40's (Reference-http://www.breastcancerindia.net/bc/statistics/trends.htm)
In India, the average age of developing a breast cancer has undergone a significant shift over last few decades. Please consider the graph below (This is only a rough representation of the data):
The horizontal line lower down represents the age groups: 20 to 30 years, 30 to 40 yrs and so on. And the vertical line represents the percentage of cases. The blue colour represents the incidence 25 years back, and maroon colour represents the situation today. 25 years back, out of every 100 breast cancer patients, 2% were in 20 to 30 years age group, 7% were in 30 to 40 and so on. 69% of the patients were above 50 years of age. Presently, 4% are in 20 to 30 yrs age group, 16% are in 30 to 40, 28% are in 40 to 50 age group. So, almost 48% patients are below 50. An increasing numbers of patients are in the 25 to 40 years of age, and this definitely is a very disturbing trend.
Rising incidence of breast cancer in India
Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in most cities in India, and 2nd most common in the rural areas. Please have a look at the following bar graph about percentage distribution of top ten cancers in females in Mumbai.
BREAST CANCER INCIDENCE COMPARISON: INDIA - US
A comparison of breast cancer in India with western nations like the US gives a good idea of the trends it is following. This comparison is obtained from Globocan Data, the latest of which is for the year 2008. You can find it HERE. The following charts and tables are followed by a discussion on them.
Globocan 2008 Data: Number of cases of breast cancer in India
Globocan 2008 Data: Number of cases of breast cancer in the US
From the tables above, few points are very evident as follows:
In the US, breast cancer is the most common cancer amongst women and 1 in 8 women in the US have a chance of developing breast cancer in their life time. In India, the overall incidence of breast cancer is less as comapred to the US; some workers have put it around 1 in 30 or so.
DIAGNOSIS of Breast Cancer (Reference - https://tmc.gov.in/cancerinfo/breast/breast.html#Diagnosis)
The triple assessment includes: clinical examination, radiological investigation(Mammography and MRI) and pathological correlation.
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