Mahabharat- The Epic: Sources, Variations, Discuss Here Only - Page 28

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Brahmaputra thumbnail
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Posted: 6 years ago
If Draupadi lied, she becomes the most influential character in the entire story, I am pretty much aware of that and that was the only possibility made me like her. But if we can't accept Suyodhana when he said Drauapdi laughed at him, accepting him now seems quite mean and opportunistic. It is always all or nothing. We can't pick only what we like. I have a problem with the word 'molest'... Wherever I see it and check in the sanskrit version, it doesn't have an actual word that means "molesting". When there are at least ten words that directly mean "molesting", why none of them but words that only indirectly indicate "molesting" are used in Drauapdi's context deserves some thought. So is the case of Drauapdi in her periods. Throughout the book, the only word used for it is "rajaswala" which also means extremely angry or covered with dust! There are a lot other words that indicate a woman in periods. Why only rajaswala then? I am not stating any definite things but only singling out the contradictory stuff. Kunti telling Krishna himself that he was present in DS has some importance, perhaps more importance than anything else. IIRC, Drauapdi had severe amnesia.😆 She forgot what Karna said and Dushy did. So we can't take her serious when she says Krishna was absent in DS. If dice game is an interpolation, it does serve Draupadi, for she never mentioned anything of the "assault" happened to her anytime later. As AnuMP told me once, Drau should have been a masochist to not mention any of that. Don't tell me the dukhiyari stuff, that it was a too difficult topic to metnion. We are talking about Drauapdi... And as I said before, it will take demeaning a huge number of otherwise sane people to make it all happen. That is not acceptable, just for the sake of a single person. I am not saying that they were all white doves, but none of them would've done it in the public. As I said, it is a belief. And the point is, no one is giving convincing answers to my questions. All are running in circles with the same centre.
Edited by Brahmaputra - 6 years ago
amritat thumbnail
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Posted: 6 years ago

Originally posted by: Brahmaputra

If Draupadi lied, she becomes the most influential character in the entire story, I am pretty much aware of that and that was the only possibility made me like her. But if we can't accept Suyodhana when he said Drauapdi laughed at him, accepting him now seems quite mean and opportunistic. It is always all or nothing. We can't pick only what we like. I have a problem with the word 'molest'... Wherever I see it and check in the sanskrit version, it doesn't have an actual word that means "molesting". When there are at least ten words that directly mean "molesting", why none of them but words that only indirectly indicate "molesting" are used in Drauapdi's context deserves some thought. So is the case of Drauapdi in her periods. Throughout the book, the only word used for it is "rajaswala" which also means extremely angry or covered with dust! There are a lot other words that indicates a woman in periods. Why only rajaswala then? I am not stating any definite things but only singling out the contradictory stuff. Kunti telling Krishna himself that he was present in DS has some importance, perhaps more importance than anything else. IIRC, Drauapdi had severe amnesia. 😆 She forgot what Karna said and Dushy did. So we can't take her serious when she says Krishna was absent in DS. If dice game is an interpolation, it does serve Draupadi, for she never mentioned anything of the "assault" happened to her anytime later. As AnuMP told me once, Drau should have been a masochist to not mention any of that. Don't tell me the dukhiyari stuff, that it was a too difficult topic to metnion. We are talking about Drauapdi... And as I said before, it will take demeaning a huge number of otherwise sane people to make it all happen. That is not acceptable, just for the sake of a single person. I am not saying that they were all white doves, but none of them would've done it in the public. As I said, it is a belief. And the point is, no one is giving convincing answers to my questions. All are running in circles with the same centre.


Let me take your points one by one.

Part in bold - "Mean" and "opportunistic". Ohkay. That seems quite personal. I will bring this up later, when the time comes. For now, let's focus on the discussion in a cordial manner.

The two cases you cited are very different situations, and thus the analogy is not exactly right. Let's see how.

Draupadi's laughter has only two instances. One direct. One indirect by Duryodhan. As per direct narrative that describes the scene in details, Draupadi is not present at all. In the other version, Dury says something exactly opposite: she was there and had laughed at him. He did the same with Krishna too.
This discrepancy, followed by the undue importance given to Draupadi's laughter in popular culture raises doubt in Duryodhan's words. Personally, I am fine with either being true and laughter or no laughter, makes no difference to me. My only concern is, Andha Ka Putra Andha and the exaggerated singling out that her laughter has received in popular renditions, making it look like the whole world had collapsed bcoz she laughed🤢, which is not true as per either direct or cross narrative in canon.

Coming to dice-game, as per direct narrative, Draupadi was dragged and molested. As per cross-narratives by other characters, Draupadi was dragged and molested. Besides, when the perpetrator himself is admitting his mistake, it would be imprudent to overlook it.
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Part in blue- Translations can be erroneous, I agree. Bibek Debroy has made mistakes in many places. But what I find surprising is even K.M. Ganguly uses the word 'molest' in this context. So, why KMG too used molest needs to be studied as well.

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Part in purple - Really? 😆 All dukhiyari, womanly sentiments be damned. For me, it all apears logical. Ok, let me see this.

Till the dice-game, the details of the events were known to the people present at the Sabha mainly. Post dice-game, Draupadi mentioned to Krishna n the other people (who were not present at the Sabha) apart from hubbies about her assault. She talked about her dragging, how they laughed n how they tried to make her a slave. After this, everyone knew the details.

Now, does one have to keep repeating every detail of an incident again and again for 14 years to the same audience (as in Krishna, Ps, etc) who already know what happened, only to convince 21st century readers that her memory was intact?

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Part in light green:
Which single person exactly? Draupadi? As far as I know, the biggest accusation against Draupadi is that she instigated a war only for her own humiliation. No molestation means she is free from that blame. This thing just occured to me now. And yet even that doesnt lure me enough to believe first dice-game is interpolation.
If we have to prove that first dice-game is interpolation, then we have to prove every reference, every mention, even apologies of the Ks towards the incident - everything is interpolation.

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Part in dark green: "We cant pick what we like."

Sure. Then let's not also overlook the remaining part of the Krishna- Kunti conversation which you brought up, where Kunti describes Draupadi's molestation.


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Part in red:

This part leaves me confused. You are not getting answers? Or are you not getting the answers that you want to hear? 😕Apologies, but I think in this whole debate, we are looking for complications where there are none. Of course, you are free to believe. But I for one, am not convinced about first dice-game being interpolation so far...although I am open to consider it (if not accept it) , if someone can provide concrete, cohesive evidence.

Ideally, people look at entire incidents and then conclude whether something is interpolation. Not the other way round, that is, believe already that something is interpolation, and then go searching for evidence to prove it.
Edited by amritat - 6 years ago
Brahmaputra thumbnail
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Posted: 6 years ago

Originally posted by: amritat



Let me take your points one by one.

Part in bold - "Mean" and "opportunistic". Ohkay. That seems quite personal. I will bring this up later, when the time comes. For now, let's focus on the discussion in a cordial manner.

Part in red:

This part leaves me confused. You are not getting answers? Or are you not getting the answers that you want to hear? 😕Apologies, but I think in this whole debate, we are looking for complications where there are none. Of course, you are free to believe. But I for one, am not convinced about first dice-game being interpolation so far...although I am open to consider it (if not accept it) , if someone can provide concrete, cohesive evidence.

Ideally, people look at entire incidents and then conclude whether something is interpolation. Not the other way round, that is, believe already that something is interpolation, and then go searching for evidence to prove it.




😆 As I am selfish, I shall say this about the last paragraphs you wrote - it was my bad that I didn't write what I exactly intended. I meant to say that people either chose to avoid some of my questions or dealt some with counter-questions. Both of them were not answers... By looking at entire incidents, Mahabharata loses its credibility the moment it called Suyodhana wicked and evil for attempting to poison Bhima but let Bhima go scot free though he did similar multiple mistakes by then. Unless that first step is resolved, whatever comes after that, all those barrels of evidence in support of Pandavas's side, are just pictures drawn in running water...


For the rest including what I didn't quote, dear friend, I'm afraid that you got "mean and opportunistic" quite wrong. It was not directed personally at anyone. I clearly wrote we', including everyone who is discussing MBh anywhere, including myself, because we all happen to do that, unknowingly at least. I am sorry that you thought it was personal. And I am ever so sorry to say this - I doubt if there is any point in discussing MBh here any further, given this background.
amritat thumbnail
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Posted: 6 years ago

Originally posted by: Brahmaputra



😆 As I am selfish, I shall say this about the last paragraphs you wrote - it was my bad that I didn't write what I exactly intended. I meant to say that people either chose to avoid some of my questions or dealt some with counter-questions. Both of them were not answers... By looking at entire incidents, Mahabharata loses its credibility the moment it called Suyodhana wicked and evil for attempting to poison Bhima but let Bhima go scot free though he did similar multiple mistakes by then. Unless that first step is resolved, whatever comes after that, all those barrels of evidence in support of Pandavas's side, are just pictures drawn in running water...


For the rest including what I didn't quote, dear friend, I'm afraid that you got "mean and opportunistic" quite wrong. It was not directed personally at anyone. I clearly wrote we', including everyone who is discussing MBh anywhere, including myself, because we all happen to do that, unknowingly at least. I am sorry that you thought it was personal. And I am ever so sorry to say this - I doubt if there is any point in discussing MBh here any further, given this background.


Please feel free to walk out of the discussion or discontinue, any time you want. No hard feelings there. But since you raised this point, I'd like to say how I see Mbh as a whole, especially with regards to the part in bold:

There are facts. And then there's the tone of narration.

Honestly as a reader/researcher I dont give much emphasis to how many times Vaisampayana calls Dury wicked or Pandavas Dharmic. What matters to me is that, despite the biased tone, Vaisampayana did not skip the parts where Bhima wronged the Kauravas. And that itself is enough to analyze Bhima, and the dynamics between Kaurava-Pandava. This applies for all incidents.

However, there are a few things and approaches that I do not subscribe to/agree with.

First, many modern readers and writers, viz. Anand Neelakantan seem to get stuck with the biased tone only, and refuse to proceed further with the facts, dismissing the whole epic to be one-sided at the very onset. I disagree here.

Second, questioning the authenticity of text selectively, which Neelakantan does in his book. For example, Neelakantan dismisses almost every wrongdoing of Kaurava side stating that the canon text is Brahmanical propaganda. But when Pandavas are shown cheating in war as per the same Brahmanical texts, then he doesnt seem to have problem in accepting those parts as completely authentic! Going by this logic, all Pandava fans will also dismiss every anti-Pandava incident viz burning of Nishadas, burning of Nagas, etc as interpolation.

Third, rampant dismissal of critical incidents as later addition. There are some rules for identifying Interpolations in a text like Mahabharata and they are classified logically, which one needs to bear in mind. You may refer to Prolegomena by Sukthankar to know more. He has explained this using Draupadi's rejection of Karna as a case-study. M.A. Mehendale also has done the same in "Annals of BORI". So, I am not a fan of random excising of important incidents based on stray shlokas here and there or on sentimental grounds "it doesnt make most characters look good".

Dont get me wrong, I am open to interpolations, provided they have proper substance. That's all. I am willing to accept Arjun...why Arjun, even Draupadi's existence to be complete interpolation if one can provide concrete, irrefutable evidence and arguments. It is because of this only, that I hesitate to talk about my theory on Draupadi's polyandry much. Bcoz unless I can provide substantial textual evidence/cohesive arguments (like Pradip Bhattacharya provided for Vastraharan), everything I say about polyandry is but a plain theory, or if said in a raw manner: my own fan fiction.




Edited by amritat - 6 years ago
SweetRogue thumbnail
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Posted: 6 years ago
What I don't understand is that if Draupadi was indeed lying about the incident, how did this lie serve her? The Pandavas except Sahadeva weren't ready to take up arms on the basis of her humiliation alone, for them the most important part was regaining land. Had Duryodhana agreed to give even the five villages, the Pandavas would glaslg make peace, at least as per Krishna's offer. And not only Duryodhana but Dusshasana himself refers to the incident when Bheema kills him. If I am not wrong, Dusshasana mocks Bhima by saying something like "This is the hand I used to drag your wife". The dragging is reffered to multiple times in the war too, by Krishna, Shalya and others.
Brahmaputra thumbnail
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Posted: 6 years ago
@amritat - original Mahabharata doesn't read like Debroy's translation, as you might know. On what grounds, can you consider the tone of its narration less important? Tone of narration is the most influential part of any form of literature, especially poetry. It has always been the tone of narration that favoured every dictator born till date. There are countless studies in behavioural psychology on how something influences people based on how you tell it. You may refer them.


Despite the biased tone, if there are facts that support Kauravas, it means that they were acknowledged as truths at some point. As long as we cannot disprove that MBh is pro-pandava today, anything that supports Kauravas is definitely far more valuable than what supports Pandavas. It is plain common sense and has nothing to do with the tone of narration.


I don't know what AN said. I stopped reading FFs. And I do question the authenticity of the text as a whole. If any Pandava fan would want to dismiss all anti-Pandava stuff as interpolation, he is totally welcome. Why should Kauravas have all the fun?


Manuscriptology has advanced much far beyond the ideas mentioned in prolegomena. I don't agree with a lot of things told in prolegomena. To begin with, there is no convincing reason given in it why only around 60 out of some 250 manuscripts were considered for Adi Parva or why incomplete manuscripts were included in those 60. When the selection of manuscripts itself is questionable, why not the rest? Their research method itself is flawed, which actually makes the authenticity of CE questionable. I should have added more, had this been a discussion on research in which I am pretty good because it is now my profession.


It is the same as your thoughts on polyandry when I say dice game didn't happen. I just keep it for open discussion as I am only trying to see how legible it can be, not because I want others to accept it. I have no other way of knowing how valid they could be. The only problem I see with your idea of polyandry is Keechaka incident. If you can get past that, nothing else really matters. Coming to mine, how can we explain Kunti saying Draupadi's insult happened before Krishna's eyes and Krishna himself not opposing it? How can we explain Vidura's silence in DS? Gandhaari's silence? And silence of many others? It is not sentimental, but these people do have their own character, right? Can we discard them? Eventhough there are a thousand references in MBh to Krishna being God, why do many people discard it? It is nowhere said that Krishna was not God. It is the same in case of Dyuta Sabha. If it actually happened as said, why the zig-zag and confusing multiple narrations? Was a single, clear, straightforward narration not enough? I am not complicating anything. Editors already made it too complicated. The stray slokas in this regard actually outnumber the rest that support the traditional POV of dice game. They are just scattered, but not powerless. They are scattered in places where we expect them the least, scattered too widely to be remembered and removed. One can read them, count them and see for oneself.


Finally, I don't know about Arjuna or Draupadi, but Karna might have been added later. I have no intention to talk about it. I am tired now.😆
amritat thumbnail
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Posted: 6 years ago

Originally posted by: Brahmaputra

@amritat - original Mahabharata doesn't read like Debroy's translation, as you might know. On what grounds, can you consider the tone of its narration less important? Tone of narration is the most influential part of any form of literature, especially poetry. It has always been the tone of narration that favoured every dictator born till date. There are countless studies in behavioural psychology on how something influences people based on how you tell it. You may refer them.


Despite the biased tone, if there are facts that support Kauravas, it means that they were acknowledged as truths at some point. As long as we cannot disprove that MBh is pro-pandava today, anything that supports Kauravas is definitely far more valuable than what supports Pandavas. It is plain common sense and has nothing to do with the tone of narration.


I don't know what AN said. I stopped reading FFs. And I do question the authenticity of the text as a whole. If any Pandava fan would want to dismiss all anti-Pandava stuff as interpolation, he is totally welcome. Why should Kauravas have all the fun?


Manuscriptology has advanced much far beyond the ideas mentioned in prolegomena. I don't agree with a lot of things told in prolegomena. To begin with, there is no convincing reason given in it why only around 60 out of some 250 manuscripts were considered for Adi Parva or why incomplete manuscripts were included in those 60. When the selection of manuscripts itself is questionable, why not the rest? Their research method itself is flawed, which actually makes the authenticity of CE questionable. I should have added more, had this been a discussion on research in which I am pretty good because it is now my profession.


It is the same as your thoughts on polyandry when I say dice game didn't happen. I just keep it for open discussion as I am only trying to see how legible it can be, not because I want others to accept it. I have no other way of knowing how valid they could be. The only problem I see with your idea of polyandry is Keechaka incident. If you can get past that, nothing else really matters. Coming to mine, how can we explain Kunti saying Draupadi's insult happened before Krishna's eyes and Krishna himself not opposing it? How can we explain Vidura's silence in DS? Gandhaari's silence? And silence of many others? It is not sentimental, but these people do have their own character, right? Can we discard them? Eventhough there are a thousand references in MBh to Krishna being God, why do many people discard it? It is nowhere said that Krishna was not God. It is the same in case of Dyuta Sabha. If it actually happened as said, why the zig-zag and confusing multiple narrations? Was a single, clear, straightforward narration not enough? I am not complicating anything. Editors already made it too complicated. The stray slokas in this regard actually outnumber the rest that support the traditional POV of dice game. They are just scattered, but not powerless. They are scattered in places where we expect them the least, scattered too widely to be remembered and removed. One can read them, count them and see for oneself.


Finally, I don't know about Arjuna or Draupadi, but Karna might have been added later. I have no intention to talk about it. I am tired now. 😆


Sukthankar's work was written in late 19th or early 20th Century, so it is obvious that manuscriptology has advanced since then. However, you may check out Viswa Adluri and Joydeep Adhikary's works on "Philology on Mahabharata" to have an updated view on the Critical Edition and its making. They have addressed a lot of criticism against CE. And also, I do believe that we need a second revision of the CE, but till we have that, it is this one that we have at hand.

Bold - Yes, there are stray references but that they outnumber the traditional narrative, I doubt. Coz, if it had been so, then it would have caught the attention of BORI scholars, no matter how scattered the references are. If they can remove Karna's rejection and even Draupadi praying to Krishna - which are very popular in public psyche - they could have removed this incident as well, or at least provided an essay on the possibility of the first dice-game being complete interpolation.

Nonetheless, if you claim (as a researcher) that the instances opposing the existence of dice-game are more in number than the ones supporting the traditional ones, then the onus would be on you to show it and prove it.

And Vidur was not exactly silent at the dice-game, was he? He was blaming Duryodhan all along. Gandhari's presence itself is doubtful bcoz the text does not clarify that she was present all along or came later. Even Bhishma wasnt silent but diplomatic and least bothered. Dhrit seemed pretty happy when Draupadi was won, so his silence is understood. About DDSK and Pandavas, we both know. These are the key players in the Sabha. Which other characters' silence is a gamechanger here, I wonder.

Also, could u pls cite Kunti's words with Krishna here? From CE? I wish India Forums allowed us to attach screenshots without uploading in cloud.

Purple - Tone of narration is important in literature as it helps to mould the psyche of the reader. However, my point is, when we are reading Mbh as a research subject, and not as mere literature, trying to weed out later interpolations, why is it impossible to focus more on the facts that the tone?

Red - What does that mean exactly? I am sure that the Pro-Kaurava parts found in current CE are acknowledged even today. For example, Duryodhan was a better mace-fighter than Bhima. Dury was not a bad king either. All these points are very much acknowledged even now, if someone reads the text without bias. TV show makers dont have the guts to show all this, that's a different thing.


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Rest of the things you said about Krishna/polyandry/Karna, I am am leaving out, coz I too am really tired.

Edited by amritat - 6 years ago
amritat thumbnail
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Posted: 6 years ago
Also, at this rate, the whole Mahabharata might as well be interpolation. That would put an end to all discussions/debates/fights on social media once and for all. 🤔
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Posted: 6 years ago

Originally posted by: amritat

Also, at this rate, the whole Mahabharata might as well be interpolation. That would put an end to all discussions/debates/fights on social media once and for all. 🤔


It wouldn't be too absurd to think that it is fiction though. I think narrations of epics like these were very important in moulding the public psyche back in the day, like mass media is today. Propaganda is the reason why these interpolations started in the first place, right?
And even if it were only fiction, that doesn't mean no one can debate about it. People argue fiercely about stuff like Harry Potter or ASOIAF after all.
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Posted: 6 years ago

Originally posted by: SweetRogue


It wouldn't be too absurd to think that it is fiction though. I think narrations of epics like these were very important in moulding the public psyche back in the day, like mass media is today. Propaganda is the reason why these interpolations started in the first place, right?
And even if it were only fiction, that doesn't mean no one can debate about it. People argue fiercely about stuff like Harry Potter or ASOIAF after all.


Yes, I agree. But I think the line of argument is different in case of HP or GOT. People would rarely accuse JKR of being pro-Harry, even though the story is essentially through Harry's eyes.
Nor will anyone say that Voldemort killing Harry's parents is complete interpolation and every reference to the incident is false/characters are lying about it. 😆

We take the story of HP as it is, and then expound on the motivation of characters, and possible "what ifs". Then there are those that write Fan Fictions with Harry-Hermione love story, etc.

But in case of Mahabharata, the style of debate varies as we become concerned about "what might have actually happened"! This stems from the fact that no matter what we say, most of us, in our subconscience mind believe that Mahabharata may have actually happened and it is history.

Coz if it is entirely fiction, then it doesnt matter if the story is pro-Pandava or not. It is Vyasa's story. He can write watever h e wants. But the concept of bias comes in mainly bcoz we associate Mahabharata with historical realm.

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