Originally posted by: PutijaChalhov
Thanks Abhay Some info on Chanakya more in the history thread
...Kautilya's 'Arthashastra,' the 'Science
of Polity,' to which reference has already been made. Kautilya
is another name for Chanakya, and thus we have a book written,
not only by a great scholar, but a man who played a dominating
part in the establishment, growth and preservation of the empire.
Chanakya has been called the Indian Machiavelli, and to some
extent the comparison is justified. But he was a much bigger person
in every way, greater in intellect and action. He was no mere
follower of a king, a humble adviser of an all-powerful emperor.
A picture of him emerges from an old Indian play " the Mudra-
Rakshasa " which deals with this period. Bold and scheming,
proud and revengeful, never forgetting a slight, never forgetting
his purpose, availing himself of every device to delude and defeat
the enemy, he sat with the reins of empire in his hands and looked
upon the emperor more as a loved pupil than as a master.
Simple and austere in his life, uninterested in the pomp and
pageantry of high position, when he had redeemed his pledge and
accomplished his purpose, he wanted to retire, Brahmin-like, to
a life of contemplation.
There was hardly anything Chanakya would have refrained
from doing to achieve his purpose; he was unscrupulous enough;
yet he was also wise enough to know that this very purpose might
be defeated by means unsuited to the end. Long before Clause-
vvitz, he is reported to have said that war is only a continuance
of state policy by other means. But, he adds, war must always
serve the larger ends of policy and not become an end in itself;
the statesman's objective must always be the betterment of the
state as a result of war, not the mere defeat and destruction of
the enemy. If war involves both parties in a common ruin, that
is the bankruptcy of statesmanship. War must be conducted by
armed forces; but much more important than the force of arms
is the high strategy which saps the enemy's morale and disrupts
his forces and brings about his collapse, or takes him to the verge
of collapse, before armed attack. Unscrupulous and rigid as
Chanakya was in the pursuit of his aim, he never forgot that it was
better to win over an intelligent and high-minded enemy than to
crush him. His final victory was obtained by sowing discord in
the enemy's ranks, and, in the very moment of this victory, so the
story goes, he induced Chandragupta to be generous to his rival
chief. Chanakya himself is said to have handed over the insignia
of his own high office to the minister of that rival, whose intelli-
gence and loyalty to his old chief had impressed him greatly. So
the story ends not in the bitterness of defeat and humiliation,
but in reconciliation and in laying the firm and enduring found-
ations of a state, which had not only defeated but won over its
chief enemy.