degradation of history - Page 4

Originally posted by: meghumonu

enough is enough is i am daily viewer of mahrana pratap but for last 2 3 months the show is making joke of history and today is the limit pehle unho ne akbar or pratap ko milwaya ek dusre se le kin sach to yeh hai ki woh dono kabhi mile hi nahi thik hai man bhi liya ki yeh TRP ke khatir kiya ja raha hai par yeh sab kya akbar ke character ko aise portray kyu kiya ja raha hai!! akbar bohut cruel or merciless tha jawani mai sahi hai [ar woh kabhi bhi 'darr' ki sharukh khan ki tarah stalker nahi tha sirf pratap ko ucha dikhane ke liye yeh log bakwas pe bakwas dikhaye ja raha hai!! pratap akbar se sword fight aur hand to hand mai zyada mahir hai iska koi proof nahi hai!! history sab jante hai ki akbar archery spear fighting hand to hand combat aur sword fight ka master tha le kin yeh kahi nahi likha hai ki woh pratap se hara tha history ko distort kiya ja raha hai aise!! as a history student i can't accept it!! sach to yeh hai ki akbar ek bohut accha strategist tha jisne apne 90% battles apne strategy ke liye jite hai!! agar pratap itne hi beer yoddha hai jab akbar ne chittor pe hamla kiya tha 1567 pe tab apne bap ke sath bhaga kyu tha!! lada kyu nahi!! le kin mai janta hu akbar ko bura dikhane ke liye yeh log fir se aise hi kuch dikhaenge ki pratap ko zor zabardasti chittor se le jaya gaya woh bhagna nahi chahta tha!!😡 akbar and pratap both are legends!! but iska matlab yeh nahi hai ki pratap akbar se aache the tab to mai yehi keh sakta hu akbar pratap se aache the kyu ki akbar ne pratap ko jang me haraya uska gawa hai proof hai le kin pratap ne haraya akbar ko aise koi proof nahi hai!!

Originally posted by: myviewprem

No one is saying Akbar is great and did not do any faults

All rulers especially great rulers are cruel

Ashoka killed 100 brothers to become emperor

Akbar also killed scores in wars to come to power

Pratap also killed many to expand his kingdom otherwise how Bijolia come under Mewar

That is rule of world big fish eat small fish

What i am objecting is the fight between Akbar and Pratap had so many personal angles, political angels, economic angels instead of that they show both are fighting for one princess that too at what age when Akbar is 14 and Pratap is 16?? Why distort history so much? Is that not disgace to Pratap and his wife Roop Kanwar only forget the disgrace to Akbar he was anyway a casanova till mid 30s

And to be honest who invited the invaders babar and humayun and akbar to india to defeat lodhi's it was rajpuths led by rana sangha. Its we who first invite outsiders to fight agianst our own family members and then say invaders rule india. 😕

Babur started for Lahore, Punjab, in 1524 but found that Daulat Khan Lodi had been driven out by forces sent by Ibrahim Lodi.^[37] When Babur arrived at Lahore, the Lodi army marched out and was his army was routed.^[38] In response, Babur burned Lahore for two days, then marched to Dipalpur, placing Alam Khan, another rebel uncle of Lodi's, as governor.^[39]Alam Khan was quickly overthrown and fled to Kabul. In response, Babur supplied Alam Khan with troops who later joined up with Daulat Khan Lodi and together with about 30,000 troops, they besieged Ibrahim Lodi at Delhi.^[40] He easily defeated and

Babur

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the founder of the Mughal Empire. For places in Iran, see Babur, Iran. For other uses, see Barbar (disambiguation).

Babur
A portrait of Babur, from an early illustrated manuscript of the Baburnama 1589-90
1st Mughal Emperor
Reign	30 April 1526 - 26 December 1530
Successor	Humayun
Spouse	Aisha Sultan Begum Zaynab Sultan Begum Masuma Sultan Begum Maham Begum Dildar Agha Begum Gulnar Agha Begum Gulrukh Begum Mubarika Yousefzai Nargul Agha Begum Saliha Sultan Begum
Issue
Humayun, son Kamran Mirza, son Askar Mirz, son Hindal Mirz, son Fakhr-un-Nissa, daughter Gulrang Begum, daughter Gulbadan Begum, daughter Gulchehra Begum, daughter Altun Bishik, alleged son
Full name
Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur
House	Timurid
Father	Umar Shaikh Mirza II, Amr ofFarghana
Mother	Qutlugh Nigar Khanum
Born	14 February 1483 Andijan, Mughalistan (present-day Uzbekistan)
Died	26 December 1530 (aged 47) Agra, Mughal Empire (present-day India)
Burial	Kabul, Afghanistan
Religion	Islam

[show] v t e Campaigns ofBabur

Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur (14 February 1483 - 26 December 1530; sometimes also spelt Baber or Babar) was a conqueror from Central Asia who, following a series of setbacks, finally succeeded in laying the basis for theMughal dynasty in the Indian Subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor. He was a direct descendant of Timur, from the Barlas clan, through his father, and also a descendant of Genghis Khan through his mother. Culturally, he was greatly influenced by the Persian culture and this affected both his own actions and those of his successors, giving rise to a significant expansion of the Persianate ethos in the Indian Subcontinent.^[1][2]

Contents

[hide]

• 1 Etymology
• 2 Background
• 3 Rule in Central Asia
  • 3.1 As ruler of Farghana
  • 3.2 At Kabul
  • 3.3 Relations with the Ottomans
• 4 Formation of the Mughal Empire in India
  • 4.1 First battle of Panipat
  • 4.2 Battles with the Rajputs
• 5 Personal life and relationships
• 6 Death and legacy
  • 6.1 Babri mosque
• 7 See also
• 8 References and sources
• 9 Further reading
• 10 External links

Etymology[edit]

He was born as 'ahr-ud-Dn Muammad (Persian: ), but was more commonly known by his nickname, Bbur(). He had the royal titles Padshah and al-ultnu 'l-azam wa 'l-qn al-mukkarram pdshh-e z.^[3] 'ahr-ud-Dn Muammad ("Defender of the faith") was an Arabic name and difficult to pronounce for the Central Asian Turko-Mongols, therefore the name Babur was adopted.^[4] According to Babur's cousin, Mirz Muammad Haydar:

[...] at that time the Chaghati (descendants of Genghis Khan) were very rude and uncultured (bzri), and not refined (buzurg) as they are now; thus they found Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad difficult to pronounce, and for this reason gave him the name of Bbar. In the public prayers (khutba) and in royal mandates he is always styled 'Zahir-ud-Din Bbar Muhammad,' but he is best known as Bbar Pdishh.^[5]

According to Stephen Frederic Dale, the name Babur is derived from the Persian word babr, meaning "tiger", a word that repeatedly appears in Firdaws's Shhnma^[6] and had also been borrowed by the Turkic languages of Central Asia.^[7][8] This thesis is supported by the explanation that the Turko-Mongol name Timur underwent a similar evolution, from the Sanskrit word cimara ("iron") via a modified version *imr to the final Turkicized version timr, with -r replacing-r due to need to provide vocalic support between m and r. The choice of vowel would nominally be restricted to one of the four front vowels (e, i, , per the Ottoman vowel harmony rule), hence babr ' babr, although the rule is routinely violated for words of Persian or Arabic derivation.^[9]

Contradicting these views, W.M. Thackston argues that the name cannot be taken from babr and instead must be derived from a word that has evolved out of the Indo-European word for beaver, pointing to the fact that the name is pronounced bh-bor^[10] in both Persian and Turkic, similar to the Russian word for beaver ( - bobr).

Background[edit]

Rule in Central Asia[edit]

As ruler of Farghana[edit]

Babur on his throne in Farghana.

In 1495, at twelve years of age, Babur became the ruler of Farghana, present-day Uzbekistan, after Umar Sheikh Mirza died in a freak accident.^[20] During this time, two of his uncles from the neighbouring kingdoms, who were hostile to his father, and a group of nobles who wanted his younger brother Jahangir to be the ruler, threatened his succession to the throne.^[4] His uncles were relentless in their attempts to dislodge him from this position as well as many of his other territorial possessions to come.^[21] Babur was able to secure his throne partly due to help from his maternal grandmother, Aisan Daulat Begum.^[4]

Most territories around his kingdom were ruled by his relatives, who were descendants of either Timur or Genghis Khan, and were constantly in conflict.^[4] At that time, rival princes were fighting over the city of Samarkand to the west, which was ruled by his paternal cousin. Babur had a great ambition to capture it and in 1497, he besieged Samarkand for seven months before eventually gaining control over it.^[22] He was fifteen years old and for him, this campaign was a huge achievement.^[4]Babur was able to hold it despite desertions in his army but later fell seriously ill. Meanwhile, a rebellion amongst nobles who favoured his brother, back home approximately 350 kilometres (220 mi) away robbed him of Farghana.^[22] As he was marching to recover it, he lost the Samarkand to a rival prince, leaving him with neither Farghana nor Samarkand.^[4] He had held Samarkand for 100 days and he considered this defeat as his biggest loss and would obsess over it even later in his life after his conquest of India.^[4]

In 1501, he laid siege on Samarkand once more, but was soon defeated by his most formidable rival, Muhammad Shaybani, khan of the Uzbeks.^[22][23] Samarkand, his lifelong obsession, was lost again. He tried to reclaim Farghana but lost it too and escaping with a small band of followers, he wandered to the mountains of central Asia and took refuge with hill tribes. Thus, during the ten years since becoming the ruler of Farghana, Babur suffered many short-lived victories and was without shelter and in exile, aided by friends and peasants.^[24] He finally stayed in Tashkent, which was ruled by his maternal uncle. Babur wrote, "During my stay in Tashkent, I endured much poverty and humiliation. No country, or hope of one!"^[24] For three years Babur concentrated on building up a strong army, recruiting widely amongst the Tajiks of Badakhshan in particular. By 1502, Babur had resigned all hopes of recovering Farghana, he was left with nothing and was forced to try his luck someplace else.^[25]

At Kabul[edit]

THe Timurid leader Babur entersKabul.

Kabul was ruled by Ulugh Begh Mirza of the Arghun Dynasty who died leaving only an infant as heir.^[24] Thus, the city was claimed by Mukin Begh, who had a strong opposition from the local populace; they wanted this usurper to be dethroned. In 1504, by using the whole situation to his own advantage, Babur was able to cross the snowy Hindu Kush mountains andcapture Kabul;^[22] the remaining Arghunids were forced to retreat to Kandahar. With this move, he gained a new kingdom, re-established his fortunes and would remain its ruler until 1526.^[25] In 1505, because of the low revenue his new mountain kingdom generated, Babur undertook his first expedition to India and had written before in his memoirs, "My desire for Hindustan had been constant. It was in the month of Shaban, the Sun being in Aquarius, that we rode out of Kabul for Hindustan"; it was a brief raid across the Khyber Pass.^[24]

Formation of the Mughal Empire in India[edit]

Timurid conqueror Babur crossing the Son River.^[35]

Babur still wanted to escape from the Uzbeks, and finally chose India as a refuge instead of Badakhshan, which was to the north of Kabul. He wrote, "In the presence of such power and potency, we had to think of some place for ourselves and, at this crisis and in the crack of time there was, put a wider space between us and the strong foeman."^[32] After his third loss of Samarkand, Babur gave full attention on conquest of India, launching a campaign, he reached Chenab in 1519.^[25] Until 1524, his aim was to only expand his rule to Punjab, mainly to fulfil his ancestor Timur's legacy, since it used to be part of his empire.^[32] At the time India was under the rule of Ibrahim Lodi of Lodi dynasty, but the empire was crumbling and there were many defectors. He received invitations from Daulat Khan Lodi, Governor of Punjab and Ala-ud-Din, uncle of Ibrahim.^[36] He sent an ambassador to Ibrahim, claiming himself the rightful heir to the throne of the country, however the ambassador was detained at Lahore and released months later.^[25]

Babur started for Lahore, Punjab, in 1524 but found that Daulat Khan Lodi had been driven out by forces sent by Ibrahim Lodi.^[37] When Babur arrived at Lahore, the Lodi army marched out and was his army was routed.^[38] In response, Babur burned Lahore for two days, then marched to Dipalpur, placing Alam Khan, another rebel uncle of Lodi's, as governor.^[39]Alam Khan was quickly overthrown and fled to Kabul. In response, Babur supplied Alam Khan with troops who later joined up with Daulat Khan Lodi and together with about 30,000 troops, they besieged Ibrahim Lodi at Delhi.^[40] He easily defeated and drove off Alam's army and Babur realized Lodi would not allow him to occupy the Punjab.^[40]

First battle of Panipat[edit]

Mughal artillery and troops in action during the Battle of Panipat (1526) .

Babur started his campaign in November 1525, when he reached Peshawar he got the news that Daulat Khan Lo

n Lodi had switched sides and drove out Ala-ud-Din. Babur then marched onto Lahore to confront Daulat Khan Lodi, only to see Daulat's army melt away at their approach.^[25] Daulat surrendered and was pardoned, thus within three weeks of crossing theIndus Babur became the master of Punjab.

Babur marched onto Delhi via Sirhind, he reached the historical field of Panipat on 20 April 1526, where he met Ibrahim Lodi along with his numerically superior army of about 100,000 soldiers and 100 elephants.^[25][36] The battle began on morning of 21 April 1526, Babur utilised the tactic of Tulugma, encircled the Ibrahim Lodi's army and forcing them to face artillery fire directly, and frightening the war elephants utilised by the Delhi's army.^[36][41]

Ibrahim Lodi died during the battle thus ending the Lodi Dynasty.^[25][41]

Babur wrote in his memoirs about his victory :

"By the grace of the Almighty God, this difficult task was made easy to me and that mighty army, in the space of a half a day was laid in dust."^[25]

After the battle Babur occupied Delhi and Agra, seated himself on the throne of Lodi and laid the foundation of the Mughal Rule in India, but it was yet to be established and Babur was yet to become the ruler of India, as new contenders for the throne like, Rana Sanga, who rose to challenge his rule.^[42] However, Babur was able to take the fortress of Bayana, after sending the commander, Nizam Khan, a convincing poem in Persian:

"Strive not with the Turk, O Mir of Bayana."^[43]

Battles with the Rajputs[edit]

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Babur and the Mughal Army at the Urvah valley in Gwalior.

Although master of Delhi and Agra, Babur records in his memoirs that he had sleepless nights because of continuing worries over Raja Hasan Khan, Mewatpatti (title, Lord of Mewat), the Khanzada ruler of Mewat, Rana Sanga, the Rajput ruler ofMewar.

In AD 1526 a new power appeared in India. Babur, who claimed to be the representative of Timur Lang, after winning the battle of Panipat, took possession of Delhi and Agra, and determined that his enterprise should not be a mere raid like Timur's, but the foundation of a new and lasting empire. Then it was that the Rajputs made their last great struggle for independence. They were led by Rana Sanga, a chief of Mewar, who invited the Mewatti chief, Hasan Khan, to aid the nation from which he had sprung in resisting the new horde of Musalmans from the north.^{[44][full citation needed]}

The political position of Hasan Khan at this time was a very important one. Babur, in his autobiography, speaks of him as the prime mover in all the confusions and insurrections of the period. He had, he states, vainly shown Hasan Khan distinguished marks of favour, but the affections of the infidel lay all on the side of the natives, the Hindus (Indians), and the propinquity of his country to Delhi made his opposition especially dangerous. Hasan Khan's seat at this time was at Ulwur, but local tradition says that he was originally established at Bahadarpur, eight miles from Ulwur.^{[citation needed]}

Babur says that the ancestors of his opponent Hasan Khan had governed Mewat in uninterrupted succession for nearly 200 years, and that Tejara was their capital.^[45] In another place he calls him Raja Hasan Khan Mewati, an infidel, who was the prime mover and agitator in the insurrection against the Mughals.^[46] The title of Raja and the term "infidel" show that Babur was aware of Hasan Khan's Hindu descent, and the period of "nearly 200 years" most probably refers to the date when his ancestor became a Muslim in the reign of Firoz Shah between AH 752 and 790.^{[47][full citation needed]}

The Rajput lords had, prior to Babur's intervention, succeeded in conquering some of the Sultanate's territory. They ruled an area directly to the southwest of Babur's new dominions, commonly known as Rajputana as well as fortified dominions in other parts of northern India. It was not a unified kingdom, but rather a confederacy of principalities, under the informal suzerainty of Rana Sanga, head of the senior Rajput dynasty.^{[citation needed]}

The Rajputs had possibly heard word of the heavy casualties inflicted by Lodi on Babur's forces, and believed that they could capture Delhi, and possibly allHindustan. They hoped to bring it back into Hindu Rajput hands for the first time in almost three hundred and fifty years since Sultan Shah-al Din Muhammad of Ghordefeated the Rajput Chauhan King Prithviraj III in 1192.^{[citation needed]}

Furthermore, the Rajputs were well aware that there was dissent within the ranks of Babur's army. The hot Indian summer was upon them, and many troops wanted to return home to the cooler climes of Central Asia. The Rajputs' reputation for courage preceded them, and their superior numbers no doubt further contributed to the desire of Babur's army to retreat. According to Babur's own calculations the potential strength of the Rajput army was much larger than that deployed by the Lodis at Panipat. Babur resolved to make this an extended battle, and decided to push further into India, into lands never previously claimed by the Timurids. He needed his troops to defeat the Rajputs.^{[citation needed]}

Despite the unwillingness of his troops to engage in further warfare, Babur was convinced he could overcome the Rajputs and gain complete control over Hindustan. He made great propaganda of the fact that for the first time he was to battle non-Muslims, the Kafir, to the extent of taking a vow to abstain from drinking (a common fraction among his people) for the rest of his life to win divine favour, and declared the war against Rana Sanga.^{[citation needed]}

Originally posted by: myviewprem

so please before blaming my fore fathers know the truth and than say or write anything against rajputs.

Originally posted by: myviewprem

so please before blaming my fore fathers know the truth and than say or write anything against rajputs.