Latin music returns to America with wave of new pop starlets
The Baltimore Sun Marc Anthony. Mana. Shakira. Elvis Crespo. Luis Miguel. Jaguares. Jaci Velasquez. Los Fabulosos Cadillacs. Their names might not ring a bell right now, but if current trends continue, most of them will be familiar soon enough, as the stars of Latin pop cross over into the Anglo mainstream. Already this year, both Enrique Iglesias and former Menudo member Rick Martin have topped the Billboard singles chart, while Mana and the Buena Vista Social Club are gaining ground on the albums chart. According to the industry buzz, Latin pop is music's Next Big Thing.
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Courtesy of Columbia Records Carlos Santana continues to score music hits with this year's collaborative effort. |
This isn't the first time Latin music has invaded the American charts. In the 1930s, almost every dance band in America had at least a couple rumbas and tangos in its repertoire (even if the arrangements were so heavily Americanized that Latin listeners barely could recognize the rhythms). But the biggest boom came in the early '50s, when the mambo and cha-cha were introduced. But what constitutes Latin pop today? Merely having a Hispanic surname does not make a singer a Latin pop star. Jennifer Lopez might have played Latin pop phenom Selena in the movies, but with her own album, "On the 6,'' Lopez comes across as the New York-born pop/soul singer she is in real life. Nor is there anything particularly Latin about the sound of Christina Aguilera's self-titled debut (much of which was recorded in Sweden). In fact, the notion that Latin pop is a specific musical style is misleading. Here in America, the Latin music market is divided into three segments: Tropical, Regional Mexican and plain old Pop. Musically, these styles resemble one another about as closely as hip-hop resembles country. The Tropical style's roots are in Cuba and the Caribbean, best-known through the brassy, percussive sound of salsa; the Regional Mexican style stresses guitar, violin and accordion, as heard in mariachi and "Tex-Mex'' music. The Pop end of the Latin market offers everything from big, string-soaked ballads to raucous, electric-guitar-powered rockers. What makes it Latin is language. Whereas most of the releases on the mainstream charts are recorded in English, recordings aimed at the Latin market are made in Spanish. Crossover occurs when an artist who previously has appealed only to Spanish-speaking music fans ends up with an equally large audience of English-speakers. It's not necessary to "habla Espanol'' to understand the appeal of Latin music. But it does help to know the difference between merengue and mariachi. What follows is a brief guide to the major movements in Latin pop.
Tropical
Veteran rock star Carlos Santana likes to say, "People call what we do Latin, Spanish, whatever, but we're all playing African music.'' Nowhere is that more true than in the music of Cuba. As with American popular music, the African influence on Cuban music has its roots in slavery. In the 1700s, the Catholic church in Cuba created "cabildos,'' or mutual aid societies, which allowed the Africans to restore the tribal identities slavery sought to abolish. One of the results of the cabildos was the formation of several Afro-Cuban religious strains, complete with ritual music styles. Those Afro-Cuban beliefs survive today as Santeria, while echoes of the ritual music - particularly the drumming, which has sacred importance to Santeria - can be heard in almost every form of Tropical Latin music, particularly salsa. People interested in hearing Afro-Cuban ritual music in its pure form should look for either "Cuba: Les danses des dieux'' (Ocora 559051), a Radio France recording of various rites, or "Sacred Rhythms of Cuban Santeria'' (Smithsonian Folkways 40419).
Regional Mexican
Given the number of Mexican immigrants who have come to America, it's makes sense that pop based on Mexican traditional music is enormously popular in Texas and the Southwest. What may seem surprising is that some of this music is more American than it is Mexican.
Pop
A popular misconception about Latin pop is that it is exotic, fiery, mysterious and strange. Because Latin musicians are generally familiar with Anglo-American music trends, contemporary Latin pop runs the gamut from sweet, middle-of-the-road balladry to the edgiest hip-hop, hard rock and house music. One of the great ironies of Gloria Estefan's career is that the music she made with the Miami Sound Machine when the group's audience was mostly Spanish-speaking was less salsa-based than her big crossover hits, "Conga'' and "Bad Boy.'' For years, the most popular Latin pop singer was Spanish balladeer Julio Iglesias, and his sons, Enrique and Julio, Jr. (both of whom have English language releases due this fall), seem likely to create a something of a Latin pop dynasty. Nor are they atypical of the field, as singers like Ricky Martin, Luis Miguel, Juan Gabriel, Cristian, Ana Gabriel and Carlos Ponce offer a similarly melodic, pop-savvy sound. Others draw from traditional sources but update their music with electronic beats and rock or soul influences. Marc Anthony, for example, plays off salsa rhythms in his music, but is by no means a strict traditionalist, and much the same can be said for stars like Elvis Crespo and India. Then there's rock en Espanol, the Latin rock movement, which has gained a growing market here in the United States. At the forefront of this movement is Mana, whose albums routinely go gold in America, but Shakira, Puya, Molotov, Los Amigos Invisibles, and Los Fabulosos Cadillacs have also made significant inroads into the American scene. Apart from language, these acts have little in common. Mana, for example, boasts a majestic, tuneful sound that could be described as a cross between Live and Bon Jovi (though there's a strong Santana influence to their current album, "MTV Unplugged''). As a vocalist, Shakira could pass for Alanis Morissette's kid sister, but her songs have more in common with Paula Cole's soul-based sound. Los Fabulosos Cadillacs do pop ska more skillfully and interestingly than No Doubt; Molotov's hip-hop/hard rock fusion is in the same league as Limp Bizkit's; Puya plays the sort of thrash Godsmack fans live for; and Los Amigos Invisibles are devoted P-Funk acolytes.
09-28-99
Edited by Qwest - 19 years ago