\\History Department\\ 'O' Round 2 pg. 68 - Page 10

Originally posted by: BhartiKhushi909

Ten great historical leaders who are known as dashveers

they are-

chandragupta maurya

,ashoka

,samudragupt

,vikramaditya

,harshavardhan.

bappa rawal,

prithviraj chauhan

,rana kumbha-rana sanga,

maharana pratap,

shivaji.

thy r in correct sequence n prc is on no. 7

Originally posted by: BhartiKhushi909

Din-i-Ilahi

Akbar holds a religious assembly of different faiths in the Ibadat Khana in Fatehpur Sikri.

Its The Place

Akbar was deeply interested in religious and philosophical matters. An orthodox Muslim at the outset, he later came to be influenced by Sufi mysticism that was being preached in the country at that time, and moved away from orthodoxy, appointing to his court several talented people with liberal ideas, including Abul Fazl, Faizi and Birbal. In 1575, he built a hall called theIbadat Khana ("House of Worship") at Fatehpur Sikri, to which he invited theologians, mystics and selected courtiers renowned for their intellectual achievements and discussed matters ofspirituality with them.These discussions, initially restricted to Muslims, were acrimonious and resulted in the participants shouting at and abusing each other. Upset by this, Akbar opened the Ibadat Khana to people of all religions as well as atheists, resulting in the scope of the discussions broadening and extending even into areas such as the validity of the Quran and the nature of God. This shocked the orthodox theologians, who sought to discredit Akbar by circulating rumours of his desire to forsake Islam.

Akbar's efforts to evolve a meeting point among the representatives of various religions was not very successful, as each of them attempted to assert the superiority of their respective religions by denouncing other religions. Meanwhile, the debates at the Ibadat Khana grew more acrimonious and, contrary to their purpose of leading to a better understanding among religions, instead led to greater bitterness among them, resulting to the discontinuance of the debates by Akbar in 1582.However, his interaction with various religious theologians had convinced him that despite their differences, all religions had several good practices, which he sought to combine into a new religious movement known as Din-i-Ilahi.However, some modern scholars claim that Akbar did not initiate a new religion and did not use the word Din-i-Ilahi.At about this time, he began to indicate that he had lost faith in the creed of the prophet of Mecca.

The purported Din-i-Ilahi was more of an ethical system and is said to have prohibited lust, sensuality, slander and pride, considering them sins. Piety, prudence, abstinence and kindness are the core virtues. The soul is encouraged to purify itself through yearning of God.Celibacy was respected, chastity enforced, the slaughter of animals was forbidden and there were no sacred scriptures or a priestly hierarchy. However, a leading Noble of Akbar's court, Aziz Koka, wrote a letter to him from Mecca in 1594 arguing that the Din-i-Ilahi promoted by Akbar amounted to nothing more than a desire on Akbar's part to portray himself as "a new prophet".To commemorate Din-e-Ilahi, he changed the name of Prayag to Allahabad (pronounced as ilahabad) in 1583.

It has been argued that the theory of Din-i-Ilahi being a new religion was a misconception which arose due to erroneous translations of Abul Fazl's work by later British historians.However, it is also accepted that the policy of sulh-e-kul, which formed the essence of Din-i-Ilahi, was adopted by Akbar not merely for religious purposes, but as a part of general imperial administrative policy. This also formed the basis for Akbar's policy of religious toleration. At the time of Akbar's death in 1605 there were no signs of discontent amongst his Muslim subjects and the impression of even a theologian like Abdu'l Haq was that Akbar remained a Muslim.

prithviraj chauhan's fort

called purana qila

yes di

it really hurts to see dat glorious place in such a deserted condition😭

Originally posted by: megha01

yes di

it really hurts to see dat glorious place in such a deserted condition😭

Indian Rebellion of 1857

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 is also known as India's First War of Independence, the Great Rebellion, the Indian Mutiny, the Revolt of 1857, the Uprising of 1857, the Sepoy Rebellion and the Sepoy Mutiny. The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the town of Meerut when a group of sepoys, native soldiers employed by the British East India Company's army, mutinied because of perceived race-based injustices and inequities. The uprising was soon converted into insurrection or civilian rebellion against the Company.

The main conflict occurred largely in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region.^[3] The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British East Indian Company power in that region,^[4] and it was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on 20 June 1858.^[3] Some^[who?] regard the rebellion as the first of several movements over ninety years to achieve independence, which was finally achieved in 1947.

Other regions of Company-controlled India'Bengal province, the Bombay Presidency, and the Madras Presidency'remained largely calm.^[3] In Punjab, the Sikh princes backed the Company by providing both soldiers and support.^[3] The large princely states, Hyderabad, Mysore, Travancore, and Kashmir, as well as the states of Rajputana did not join the rebellion.^[5] In some regions, such as Oudh, the rebellion took on the attributes of a patriotic revolt against European presence.^[6] Rebel leaders, such as the Rani of Jhansi, became folk heroes in the nationalist movement in India half a century later,^[3] however, they themselves "generated no coherent ideology" for a new order.^[7] The rebellion led to the dissolution of the East India Company in 1858, and forced the British to reorganize the army, the financial system, and the administration in India.^[8] India was thereafter directly governed by the Crown in the new British Raj.^[5]

Indian rebellion of 1857
A 1912 map of 'Northern India The Revolt of 1857-59' showing the centres of rebellion including the principal ones: Meerut, Delhi, Cawnpore (Kanpur), Lucknow, Jhansi, and Gwalior.
Date 10 May 1857 - 1859 Location India (cf. 1857)[1] Result Rebellion Suppressed, Final collapse of the Mughal Empire; end of Company rule in India Control taken by the British Crown Territorial changes British Indian Empire created out of former-East India Company territory, some land returned to native rulers, other land confiscated by the Crown.
Belligerents
Mughal Empire East India Company Sepoy rebels 7 Indian princely states Gwalior Factions followers of Birjis Qadra - son of deposed Nawab of Oudh forces of Rani Lakshmibai - deposed ruler of the independent state of Jhansi forces of Nana Sahib - the adopted son of Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao II Some Indian civilians; notably retainers of talukdars (feudal landowners) of Oudh, and Muslim ghazis (religious fighters).	British Army Loyalist East India Company Sepoys Native Irregulars and EIC British regulars British civilian volunteers raised in the Bengal Presidency 21 princely states Jaipur Bikaner Marwar Rampur Kapurthala Nabha Bhopal Sirohi Udaipur Patiala Sirmur Alwar Bharathpur Bundi Jaora Bijawar Ajaigarh Rewa Kendujhar Hyderabad Kashmir
Commanders and leaders
Bahadur Shah II Nana Sahib Bakht Khan Rani Lakshmi Bai Tantya Tope Begum Hazrat Mahal	Commander-in-Chief, India: George Anson (to May 1857) Sir Patrick Grant Sir Colin Campbell (from August 1857) Jang Bahadur[2]