Whether in US or India fr that matter any where in the world after under graduation in medicine and at the end of one year intern ship a doctor is expected to have knowledge of certain things and should be able to perform a few things as a doctor.That is called absolute requirement and it is a must for every doctor even if he/she goes on to become a specialist in some field or other.
A doctor is liable to lose his licence if he does not know the minimum stuff that he is required to know which that degree provides him be it MBBS MS MD DM so on and so forth.
There is no limit to things that he can do provided he has full knowledge and experience. Jagya has done his MS he has not given the exam.But he is trained and on the basis of that he can do all the work that surgeons can do.He has evidence to prove that he has worked in so and so hospital as trainee in surgery department for X no of years.
As for practice of medicine it is the same whether it is India or anywhere else in the world a doctor examines the patient in the same way.
In US it is the insurance companies who foot the bill and in India it is the patient himself or the govt who pays the bills.
So while requesting for tests and deciding on treatment a doctor in India has to keep in mind the financial status of the patient and has to deliver affordable medical care unlike a doctor in US who doesn't have to think about the patient finances because the insurance company pays for it.
And one more thing - in India due to shortage of doctors in rural areas the doctors in rural India and in remote parts of the country have to do a lot more stuff because their patients cannot afford to go to towns or in some cases they are too far away from bigger centres and time is of essence when it comes to starting treatment.They may not have sophisticated labs to do the tests so they may not do them.But by no means their methods are unscientific.
I just wanted to say this which ever part of the world a doctor may be from medical science he learns is the same requirements are the same it is just that while practicing it they have to apply to the people they are serving.
Sorry for the long post - But I just wanted to clarify a misconceptions people have regarding practice of medicine in India and rest of the world