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Robert Penrose , in his book Cycles of time, believes in an open universe that keeps expanding forever until all matter evaporated from the black holes left after trillions of years culminating in mass-less photons which provide no scale for the size of the universe, so that what is supposedly huge could just as easily be tiny. From this seed a new big bang and a new universe arise like the mythical phoenix. These cycles can go on forever. the theory revives the beginningless 9anadi) and the endless (ananta) universe of ancient civilizations in India, Greece and presumably elsewhere. In the beginning is our end and in the end is our beginning ?