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Posted: 18 years ago
#1

Sufi Music

"Wherever you turn, there is the Face of God"

Qur'an Surah Baqara 2: 115

"When I sing, God loves me"

Sufi music is about union with the Beloved, with God. Music is the vehicle to reach the heart and attain a state of grace or enlightenment, a 'stateless state' or 'Ma'rifat' – the inner knowledge. Music is an essential part of spiritual life and practice for many Sufis - whether from Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Syria, Egypt, Senegal, or Morocco. Sufism is not about theories or the intellect; the goal is the experience of union with the One. Sufi teachers lead their students toward the One through practices, experience, movement, voice, and music.

Qawwali---devotional songs for the Love of God.

Edited by Qwest - 18 years ago

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Posted: 18 years ago
#2
The day I've died, my pall is moving on -
But do not think my heart is still on earth!
Don't weep and pity me: "Oh woe, how awful!"
You fall in devil's snare - woe, that is awful!
Don't cry "Woe, parted!" at my burial -
For me this is the time of joyful meeting!
Don't say "Farewell!" when I'm put in the grave -
A curtain is it for eternal bliss.
You saw "descending" - now look at the rising!
Is setting dangerous for sun and moon?
To you it looks like setting, but it's rising;
The coffin seems a jail, yet it means freedom.
Which seed fell in the earth that did not grow there?
Why do you doubt the fate of human seed?
What bucket came not filled from out the cistern?
Why should the Yusaf "Soul" then fear this well?
Close here your mouth and open it on that side.
So that your hymns may sound in Where- no-place!
Edited by Qwest - 18 years ago
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Posted: 18 years ago
#3

Abida Parveen of Pakistan - one of world's foremost Sufi singers

Edited by Qwest - 18 years ago
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Posted: 18 years ago
#4

Shubha Mudgal - the Indian voice of Sufi music

Edited by Qwest - 18 years ago
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#5

Sufi Music


Sufi music means any music that connects with the heart. It is the music of submission and surrender that bonds humans to God and transcends all religious boundaries". Contemporary singers like the late Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Abida Parveen from Pakistan, Indian Shubha Mudgal, Mohammed El-Sheikh Juma of Sudan, Roomi of Iran, Whirling Dervishes of Turkey, Baul singers from Bangladesh or even pop groups like Junoon have all contributed in re-vitalizing this unique religious singing.

Hundreds of years after being relegated to the background, the mystical Sufi music of the 14th century is staging a resounding comeback. A unique style of singing that transports listeners into spiritual ecstasy, it is acquiring a steady fan following much like the rock genre of the sixties.

Not bound by any particular religious belief, Sufism is a philosophy that glorifies every religion as the path to righteousness. It gives precedence to love for humanity above everything else. Credit for its spread must go to the energy-charged music that sends both the singer and listeners into a spiritual trance.

In India, noted film-director Muzzafar Ali, who has been associated with Sufi music and Sufism for close to forty years says he is one of the handful of people who have been in the forefront of this revival." Sufi music means any music that connects with the heart. It is the music of submission and surrender that bonds humans to God and transcends all religious boundaries," says Ali of the increasing appeal of this music.Traditionally Delhi has had a special place in the spread of Sufism because a number of great Sufi saints like Amir Khusrau and Nizamuddin Auliya lived here. " When I came to Delhi I felt I should do something to revive this exceptional form of art," says Ali. One of the first events he and his wife Meera organized was the Jahan-e-Khusrau festival that has now become an annual congregation of eminent Sufi singers from all over the world.

People like Ali who have joined the bandwagon because of its increasing popularity are fast making Sufi music a fashionable art in avant-garde circles. It is gaining adherents largely because of the passions it arouses and its poetry is imbued with deep meaning.

Contemporary singers like the late Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Abida Parveen from Pakistan, Indian Shubha Mudgal, Mohammed El-Sheikh Juma of Sudan, Roomi of Iran, Whirling Dervishes of Turkey, Baul singers from Bangladesh or even pop groups like Junoon have all contributed in re-vitalizing this unique religious singing.

Singing Culture

What started in dargahs and mazaars years ago has today metamorphosed into a singing culture. Hazrat Moinnudin Chishti, Hazrat Khwaja Bakhtiar Kaki, Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya, Baba Farid and Amir Khusrau have all been great Sufi poets who spread their message through hymns and qawwalis.

" Sufism is the real form of Islam, which speaks of compassion and brotherhood," says Hasan Saani Nizami, the Sajda Nashin of Delhi's Dargah Hazrat Nizamuddin. Nizami claims his forefathers were among the pioneers of this movement.

Sufi music varies from region to region. Its spread is attributed to Fakirs who travelled to different parts of the country and picked up regional nuances and styles. The oldest and the most widely admired is the qawwali developed by the Chishti clan and later popularised by Amir Khusro. Punjab's Bulleh Shah, one of the most revered Sufi saints had an inimitable style of singing. Avadh, Rajasthan and Kashmir had their own distinct formats.

Internationally, the greatest influence of Sufi music has been on Iran. It also found acceptance in Turkey, Sudan and even Israel. At every place it created its own separate order by intermingling with the local culture and using local dialect to spread its message.

According to some scholars Sufism was meant to spread Islam and its true tenets, others are of the view that it is not associated with any particular religion. It is divine communication and for this it just takes the help of any religion.

Says Nizami, "It is wrong to label Sufism with any religion other than Islam although later many saints from other sects also adopted the style. Initially the aim of Sufism was to spread a more moderate view of Islam which talked about respect for other religions, service and love for all. That is why it became so popular."

Because of its exotic appeal, it is again gaining acceptance in some western circles as well. Especially after the September 11 strikes against America, Sufism is providing an alternate way to attain mental peace.

Today the great Iranian Sufi saint and poet Roomi is among the largest selling authors in America. Sufi schools of thought have sprung-up in places like Amsterdam and Boston, there is the Sufi way of dressing, Sufi food and even Sufi lifestyle. Pop groups like Junoon from Pakistan are a huge hit the world over for their lyrics and presentation.

Real Essence

But a big section of Indian Sufi followers like artist Manjeet Bawa, Sufi scholar Madangopal Singh and even Hasan Nizami feel that people are demeaning the real essence of Sufism by associating it with materialism.

Says Bawa, "Commercialisation of such a revered art form is permissible if the intention is good, but most of the time people use Sufism and its high values to foster their own interest, that is why you see fashion shows, dance programmes and many other purely commercial ventures exploiting Sufism. It is just one more way of making money."

According to Nazami, Sufism is not just another form of singing, it has a deeper meaning. There are strict rules that have to be followed. Islam lays down that a Sufi song should only be sung at place where no one is disturbed, the listeners should come with the intent of devotion, women and children are strictly banned from singing Sufi songs and both singer and listener must perform wajoo before a performance.

" Many of those who claim to be the greatest exponents of Sufi music don't even understand the basic parameters of this religious music. Some of them are just using it to earn money, any song which does not follow the above mentioned basic tenets of Sufi singing is not real Sufi music," claims Nizami.


However, another section of followers is of the view that as long as the underlying philosophy of this great art form is maintained, Sufism must be allowed to imbibe modern influences even if they are not a part of the original preachings.

" There is nothing wrong if people practice Sufism as a fad or derive commercial benefits from it as long as they manage to spread the exalted message of love and peace," feels Muzzaffar Ali.

And a young computer software expert who had come to attend the recently organized Jahan-e-Khusrau endorses Ali's view. " It may be a fad but as long it makes me happy and de-stresses me I don't really care." That, in a way, showcases the growing popularity of Sufi music.

Edited by Qwest - 18 years ago
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Posted: 18 years ago
#6
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (second from left, with hands raised) on Pakistani TV (circa 1983)

Traditionally, Qawwali has been a family business. Nusrat's family (originally from Afghanistan) has an unbroken tradition of performing qawwali for the last 600 years.

Nusrat was born in Faisalabad, Punjab on Wednesday, October 13, 1948 to Ustad Fateh Ali Khan, a distinguished musicologist, vocalist, instrumentalist, and skilled Qawwali performer. He had one brother, Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan. Initially, his father did not want Nusrat to follow him into the Qawwali business. He had his heart set on Nusrat choosing a much more respectable career path and becoming a doctor, because he felt Qawwali artists had low social status. However, Nusrat showed such an aptitude for, and interest in, Qawwali that his father finally relented and started to train him in the art of Qawwali and he was also taught to sing within the classical framework of Khayal. This training was still incomplete when Ustad Fateh Ali Khan died in 1964 while Nusrat was still in school, and the training was continued by Nusrat's paternal uncle, Ustad Mubarak Ali Khan. Ten days after his father's death, Nusrat had a dream where his father came to him and told him to sing, touching his throat. Nusrat woke up singing, and was moved by the dream to decide that he would make Qawwali his career. His first public performance was at his father's funeral ceremony forty days later. Under the guidance of Ustad Mubarak Ali Khan, he became the group's leader in 1965 and the group was called Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Mujahid Mubarak Ali Khan & Party ("party" is the term used in Qawwali for the supporting members of the group).

Nusrat's first public performance as leader of the family Qawwali group was in March 1965, at a studio recording broadcast as part of an annual music festival called Jashn-e-Baharan organized by Radio Pakistan. It took Nusrat several years more to perfect his craft and emerge from the shadow of the groups that were regarded as the leading contemporary Qawwals. But once he did, there was no looking back. He firmly established himself as the leading qawwal of the 20th century. His incredible voice and his complete mastery of the genre made him a superstar in the Islamic world, especially in Pakistan and India. He sang in Urdu and his native Punjabi, as well as Persian. He was also one of the first South Asian singers to perform before large Western audiences.

Nusrat took over his family's qawwali party in 1971 after the death of his father and his uncle. In Pakistan, his first major hit was the song "Haq Ali Ali". This was performed in a traditional style and with traditional instrumentation, and featured only sparse use of Nusrat's innovative sargam improvisations. Nevertheless the song became a major hit, as many listeners were attracted to the timbre and other qualities of Nusrat's voice.

He reached out to Western audiences with a couple of fusion records produced by Canadian guitarist Michael Brook. In 1995, he collaborated with Eddie Vedder on the soundtrack to Dead Man Walking. His contribution to that and several other soundtracks and albums (including The Last Temptation of Christ and Natural Born Killers), as well as his friendship with Peter Gabriel, helped to increase his popularity in Europe and the United States. Peter Gabriel's Real World label released five albums of Nusrat's traditional Qawwali performances in the West. He also performed traditional Qawwali live to Western audiences at several WOMAD world music festivals.

Apparently, when Nusrat toured in foreign countries, he would watch television commercials in order to identify the melodies and chord progressions popular in that country. He would then try to choose similar sounding songs from his repertoire for his performances.

According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan holds the world record for the largest recorded output by a Qawwali artist—a total of 125 albums.

Nusrat was taken ill with kidney and liver failure on Monday, August 11, 1997 in London, England while on the way to Los Angeles from Lahore to receive a kidney transplant. While still at Cromwell Hospital, Nusrat died of a sudden cardiac arrest on Saturday, August 16, 1997, aged 48. His body was then transported back to Faisalabad, Pakistan where thousands of distraught people attended his funeral and burial procession.

Edited by Qwest - 18 years ago
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Posted: 18 years ago
#7
Triumph of will

Amitabh Bachchan loved him. VS Naipaul loved him. Everybody who heard him, loved him. But it has still taken Rabbi Shergill four long frustrating years to get a hearing in the world. Now, on September 26, he will finally make his debut. Minty Tejpal tracks the poignant tale of how a remarkable talent became a victim of the Tehelka story

There are many things tehelka did that every spook agency in Delhi, Britain and god knows where else would love to know about. Let me be the first to tell you about Rabbi Shergill. An artist we signed on at tehelka in April 2000. A poet and a singer. Who you still haven't heard of.

I first heard about Rabbi in 1998 during my stint in Mumbai as Executive Producer, Channel [V]. As head of programming I was meeting all kinds of people associated with the music industry. One day, a bandanna tying KJ Singh, producer and sound engineer, told me about this sardar singer based in Delhi. "He plays Sufi Punjabi music – rock style! You have to hear him." KJ had recorded a demo track but wasn't carrying it. So what's he doing, I asked? Doing the rounds ...a bit unsuccessfully, I was told. Keenly aware of the inability of stunted heads at the music companies to spot the real McCoys, I stored the information for further use. All the greats in Indian pop music are those first kicked out by these guys. I knew that much. So Rabbi was off to a flyer.

The millennium turned. Y2K never happened. And I never met Rabbi. I did however leave Channel [V], get divorced, increase smoking and move back to Delhi to take up the first job with the only man willing to employ me – my brother! I joined Tarun and Aniruddha Bahal as a founder in the heady journey of tehelka. Rabbi was still on my mind – I traced his number and called him. Sometime in May 2000, in the midst of putting together the match-fixing expose, Rabbi Shergill walked into the tehelka office. He was wearing a calm, gentle demeanor over his trademark kurta pyjama. Smart sardar, looks like a bard, I thought. He spoke fluently in Punjabi and English, narrating a familiar tale of music companies hustling him, not recognising his talent. Yeah, sure. "You got a tape," I asked?

Rabbi fished out a tape with just two two songs – Bulla ki Jaana and Aj Nachna. I heard Rabbi's music for the first time sitting in my car. It was stunning – great voice, haunting lyrics and some real melody — unlike any other Punjabi music I had heard. It was music that touched you, made you ache inside and yet lifted you. We went for a drive, as I listened some more, getting to know him. Tarun and Aniruddha heard the music and liked it. I pitched it to them – we have to do his album, I urged. He is the real thing. For a man ready to take decisions that would soon rattle governments, it was a no-brainer. Go ahead, said Tarun. Rabbi, being a true artist, was of course ready to go with a company that had nothing to do with music, and was still buying computers!

Rabbi's faith was well placed. In a mercenary industry where new artists are not even advanced Rs 500, we gave Rabbi a lakh plus to go abroad and buy some music equipment he needed. Being creative owners we took the decision in five minutes. When I mentioned this a year later to Sridhar Subramanium, ceo Sony Music, he was stunned. "We can't even buy a flute in a corporate set-up", he remarked. kj was contracted to identify studio, draw up a budget and get recording dates. Our message to Rabbi and kj was, just go do your music — we are behind you. Over the next year, the two sardars started recording Rabbi's debut album in Studio Satya, Mumbai. I would keep ducking in and out of Bombay, adding fizz to the mix.
Edited by Qwest - 18 years ago
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Posted: 18 years ago
#8

Originally posted by: charades

Will carry from where you left off Dada 👏 👏 👏 ..

Just give me time till tomorrow.

Sure Thanks Vijay.!!!!
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Posted: 18 years ago
#9
Rhythm divine
His music owes its feel as much to Bob Dylan as to the Ragis of Punjab. And with Amitabh Bachchan on his list of fans, Rabbi Shergill and his brand of Sufiana have finally arrived. Swagata Sen meets the balladeer
FOOD OF LOVE: (From top) Artist Manjit Bawa who is known to be a Sufi music lover; Hans Raj Hans; Abida Parveen; Rabbi Shergill; the artiste?s eponymous album

Until a decade or so ago, every adolescent worth his cracking voice would try to perfect that one baritone. Rabbi Shergill, though long past his teenage, seems to have had a lot of practice, too. ?Arrey, aap ko toh hum har roz suntey hain apni gaadi mein,? Rabbi does a mean Amitabh Bachchan mimicry, recalling the superstar?s conversation with him.

Rabbi needn?t have bothered trying to get Bachchan?s voice right. His own voice has been bowling over many a person of note, the Big B included. There?s Nobel laureate V.S. Naipaul who said he didn?t understand the lyrics, but the music touched his soul. Then, there are half a dozen Bollywood filmmakers who?ve tried to get him to sing his compositions for their films. He refused almost all of them, to finally come out with his own album after five years of struggle.

Now, the world has finally woken up to Bulla Ki Jana Main Kaun, Rabbi?s rendition of a song by the 18th-century Sufi poet Baba Bulle Shah. The video is currently being aired on music channels, and the album is set to hit the music stores this week. Blessed with a voice that can melt granite, the 29-year-old singer-songwriter has penned and composed most of the songs, a semi-Sufi, semi-folksy kind of music with a lot of Western arrangements that he claims is his own style.

?I think I have come up with this kind of music because of my emotional intelligence,? says Rabbi. ?This intelligence owes itself as much to Tolstoy and Hemingway as to Punjabi literature; as much to the guitar playing of Jeff Beck as to the Ragis of Punjab.?

Madan Gopal Singh, one of the proponents of the Sufi revival movement in India and a Sufi scholar and singer himself, believes that Rabbi can be called Punjabi music?s true ?urban balladeer?, as opposed to the ?Punjabi folk mimics? that television channels are bursting with. ?His sounds have as much of Bruce Springsteen and Bob Dylan as Punjabi folk,? says Singh. Not surprisingly, people have stood up and taken notice of Rabbi?s Sufi venture into the realm of the modern.

Rabbi, however, is blas? about all the attention. The only time he really comes alive is when he?s with his music. But Sufiana, he stresses, is more of a vehicle to catapult him to glory. Rock and roll, says the man who plays the guitar and composes on the synthesiser, is as much a part of his songbook.

Yet, he belongs to a new generation of artistes who form a part of the Subcontinent?s great Sufi revival. He has read the scriptures and understands the concept of Sufiana ? a loose ideology of an all-encompassing spiritualism. But for him, it?s also about being in the right place at the right time.

?I?m not just a Sufi singer. Maybe, the Sufi part of my music is more attractive to the listeners,? says Rabbi. He has a point there. Sufi music has its loyal band of listeners, which is possibly the reason why even mainstream artistes are singing Sufi songs. Ila Arun of the raunchy Ghagro fame enthralled everyone with her kalaams at the annual Jahaan-e Khusrau Sufi Music Festival in January. Folk artiste Hans Raj Hans, better known for his peppy Bally Sagoo-remixed Aaja Nach Ley kind of numbers, released a pure Sufi album, Tera Ishq, last month, claiming he was going back to singing songs that were close to his heart.

The late Pakistani singer, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, and his compatriot, Abida Parveen, sang Sufi songs through their folk traditions of qawwali and devotional music. But these days, Bollywood also has the likes of Kailash Kher, whose Allah Ke Bande from the film Waisa Bhi Hota Hai Part II is one of the hits of 2003.

Ironically, Waisa Bhi director Shashanka Ghosh wanted Bulla Ki Jana instead of Allah Ke Bande. When Rabbi refused to part with his pet song, Ghosh convinced Rabbi to sing another song in a cameo appearance instead. Rabbi refers to the song euphemistically as ?an experiment gone wrong?. The lyrics, not his, go: Laundiya ki pallo mein gau ki boo aawey... kya kare, baby? Loot gaye hum, darling (the dame?s scarf stinks of a cow... what can I do, baby? I?m floored, darling). Luckily for him, the song sank without a trace.

It, however, made Rabbi realise that playback singing was not his calling. He had held out for five years without giving up his music to Bollywood ? despite a plum offer from Pooja Bhatt for Paap ? and he didn?t want to start. Finally, he found a believer in the Mumbai-based Phat Phish Records who?ve signed him on a three-year contract. Life has been smiling on him since.

Rabbi began like any other Delhi boy, by having conventional ambitions, which included a year at the Fore School of Management, before he dropped out to the dubious thrill of odd jobs at FM studios and composing ad jingles for Nova ghee and RX-T motorbikes, all the while writing his songs and sounding out demos.

A successful and renowned composer approached him one day to ask if he would be willing to ?sell? his music. He offered the upcoming singer money for his compositions, but asked him to forfeit all credit. That was a turning point of sorts. Rabbi refused, and decided to go to Mumbai and try his luck there.

But for every unscrupulous composer, Rabbi also had a friend. Minty Tejpal, younger brother of the more famous Tarun and co-founder of the Tehelka Group, decided to make a success out of this quiet singer who came from nowhere. Four years ago, Tejpal had quit as Channel [V]?s executive producer, and come back to tehelka, then a website working on their cricket match-fixing expose, when a friend told him about Rabbi.

Tejpal heard Bulla Ki Jana and Aj Nachna. And he knew he had a winner. It was Tejpal who played the songs to Naipaul and gave a tape to the Big B for keeps. But Tehelka went bankrupt in 2001, and Tejpal couldn?t, as planned, finance the album. In August last year, Phat Phish, an independent new-age filmmaking company, took Rabbi on board.

Rabbi has had very little formal training in music. His family background (his mother is a Punjabi poet, and his late father was an interpreter of Gurbani, the sacred Sikh texts), with his extended family of farmers living in village Chak Mishri Khan near Amritsar, and his keen interest in the scriptures provide him with inspiration for his songs. In fact, the tune for Bulla Ki Jana was composed one fine day when Rabbi was reading Bulle Shah?s teachings, and this particular song coincided with his then current mood.

?Bulla Ki Jana is all about us not knowing who we are, of thinking of life in terms of boxes, until we are enlightened. And then, you realise how meaninglessly you?ve compartmentalised life,? he explains.

Rabbi hopes to rise into the national consciousness through his songs. ?I don?t care if they play my videos a few times, I want to go beyond that,? he says. Pakistan, where Sufi music finds a special place, has already discovered his talent; his shows in Karachi early this year were sellouts. A couple of weeks later, everyone at the launch party of Tehelka magazine in Delhi wanted to know more about the bard who had surprised them with his music.

Muzaffar Ali, the organiser of the annual Jahaan-e-Khusrau festival in Delhi, isn?t surprised by the interest Rabbi?s music has generated. Sufi music, he says, is an ever-evolving tradition. This year, too, saw quite a few innovations. Shye Ben Tzur of Israel has made a mark with his Sufi songs in Hebrew. Choreographers like Astad Deboo have introduced dance to Sufi music, and the Wadali Brothers have won accolades for their songs in the film Pinjar. Rabbi himself continues to write songs for films, even though he won?t sing them.

Not in films, maybe, but all Rabbi wants to do right now is sing. He hasn?t yet chalked out his path, and he doesn?t know what?s in store for him ? or which way he is going. But Rabbi isn?t worried. For, as he sings, Bulla Ki Jana Main Kaun ? ?I know not who I am...?

Edited by Qwest - 18 years ago
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Posted: 18 years ago
#10
Translation as requested:
Please forgive in case of any mistakes

Bulla ki jaana main kaun -
Bulla, who am I?

Na main moman vich maseetan -
I am no believer in mosque

Na main vich kufar dian reetan -
I have no pagan ways

Na main pakan vich paleetan -
I am not pure amongst vile

Na maen andar ved kitaab aan -
I do not have Vedas or holy books in me

Na main rehnda phaang sharaban -
I do not stay drunk on Bhaang or wine

Na main rehnda mast kharaban -
Nor do I stay high and spoilt

Na main shadi na ghamnaki -
I am not Well-preserved(holy) nor am I wasted

Na main vich paleeteen pakeen -
Neither amongst holy or vile

Na main aaabi na main khaki -
I am neither water nor dust

Na main aatish na main paun -
I am neither fire nor wind

Bulla ki jana main kaun -
Bulla, who am I?

Na main arabi na lahori -
I am neither Arab nor from Lahore

Na main hindi shehar Nagaori -
Neither from the Hind... or any city thereof..

Na hindu na turk pashauri -
Neither Hindu, nor Turk, nor Peshawari..

Na main bhet mazhab de paya -
I have'nt found the secret of religion

Na main aadam hawwa jaya -
I'm not Adam (the 1st born), Eve or any thereof..

Na koi apna naam dharaya -
Nor have I named myself

Avval aakhar aap nu jana -
The first and the last person I know is me

Na koi dooja hor pacchana -
I recognize no second to it

Mai ton na koi hor syana -
I do not know anyone wiser than me

Bulle shah kharha hai kaun -
Bullashan, who is this man standing?

Bulla ki jana main kaun -
Bulla, who am I?

Na main moosa na pharoah -
I am neither Moses nor Pharoah (Egyptian king)

Na main jagan na vich saun -
I am not awake nor in sleep

Na main aatish na main paun -
I am neither fire nor wind

Na main rahnda vich Nadaun -
I do not stay in Nadaun (city of innocents)

Na main baitthan na vich bhaun -
Neither am I sitting (idle) nor in storm

Bulle shah kharha hai kaun -
Bullashan, who is this man standing?

Bulla ki jana main kaun -
Bulla, who am I?
Edited by Qwest - 18 years ago

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