Its shocking 😲 it happens in india till now...
Matrubhoomi: A Nation Without Women (Hindi: , translation: Motherland) is a 2003 Indian film written and directed by Manish Jha. The film examines the impact offemale foeticide and female infanticide on the gender balance and consequently the stability and attitudes of society. Its storyline bears some resemblance to real-life instances of gender imbalance and economics resulting in fraternal polyandry and bride buying in some parts of India.[1] It depicts a future dystopia in an Indian village populated exclusively by males due to female infanticide over the years.[2]
Matrubhoomi received widespread critical acclaim[3] and was shown at festivals through 2003, including the 2003 Venice Film Festival, where it was presented in the Critic's Week (Parallel Sections) and later awarded the FIPRESCI Award "For it's [sic] important theme on women's issues and female infanticide handled with sensitivity by a first-time director".[4][5]
Contents
[hide]- 1 Plot
- 2 Development and production
- 3 Themes
- 4 Release
- 5 Awards
- 6 Cast
- 7 References
- 8 External links
Plot[edit]
The story begins in a rural village in Bihar,[6] with the delivery of a baby girl to a village couple. Her disappointed father, who was hoping for a boy, drowns her in vat of milk in a public ceremony. Many years later somewhere around 2050 A.D.,[6] this unchecked trend leads to the village being populated solely by males. The now uncouth and aggressive young men of the village are desperate for wives and release their frustration through group screenings of imported po*nographic films, cross-dressed dance performances, and even bestiality. They are shown to be willing to go to the lengths ofhuman trafficking and courtship-driven emigration to procure spouses for themselves.
The wealthy father Ramcharan (Sudhir Pandey) of five boys finds out about a single young woman, named Kalki ( Tulip Joshi ), living some distance from the village and literally buys her from her father. She is then married to all five sons. Each night of the week, she is forced to sleep with one of the sons, and the father also gets his weekly night with her. Of all the men in the boorish lot, only the youngest son treats her with respect and tenderness.
When the youngest son is killed by his jealous brothers, and an escape attempt with a sympathetic domestic servant goes lethally awry, she becomes a pawn of revenge in an inter-community conflict and an unwilling object of sexual release for even more men. She is chained to a post in the cow shed and gang raped mercilessly night after night. The film ends on a violent but hopeful note, as she bears a baby girl while the men of the village kill each other off over rights to her and her child.[2][7]
Development and production[edit]
Director Manish Jha's debut short film, A Very Very Silent Film (2001), had previously won the Jury Prize for the Best Short Film at theCannes Film Festival in 2002.[8] He got the idea of Matrubhoomi upon reading, in a news magazine, about a village in Gujarat without women. Subsequently, while surfing the web, he read an article mentioning the fact that over the years, millions of girl children had fallen victims to gender discrimination in India. The film's French producer Patrick Sobelman asked Jha to produce a script outline on the subject, and he put out a two-page synopsis. Within a week he wrote a 200-page script, which he cut back to 70 pages. The project received a green light when its Indian producer Pankej Kharabanda came on board.[9]
Having grown up in Bihar, he said he was aware of the practice of female infanticide and wanted to write a script about a future village if the practise continued. As women became extinct, the film allowed him to bring to light issues like polyandry, bride buying and rape.[10]
Matrubhoomi's lead actress Tulip Joshi had refused the film after the first reading, but eventually decided to take it up. As she added, "But I'm glad I took it up finally, even though there was a point when I felt disgusted."[6]
The film was shot on a tight budget of Rs. 2 crore, in Renai, a remote village in Harda district of Madhya Pradesh in 29 days.[9][10] The cast included actors from Delhi theatre circuit, Sushant Singh, Aditya Shrivastav, Piyush Mishra and Deepak Bandhu.
Themes[edit]
As per director, Manish Jha, "I wanted to examine the emotional and psychological impact of a society without women," ... "It is a very extreme situation ... a whole nation without women."[7]
The central character Kalki being married to five brothers is analogous to Queen Draupadi being married to the Pandava brothers inMahabharata. Kalki references to the forecast of Vishnu's tenth incarnation, Kalki, who would end the Kaliyuga.[6]
Release[edit]
After running through the festival circuit, including the 2003 Venice Film Festival, 2003 Toronto International Film Festival, Matrubhoomiwas commercially released two years later on 8 July 2005, with 150 prints. It was dubbed into six languages, including Tamil, Telugu, Bhojpuri, Gujarati, Bengali, and French, on a budget of Rs. 3 crore, to reach a wider audience.[7][11][12]
Awards[edit]
- FIPRESCI Award in Parallel Section at the Venice Film Festival 2003[13]
- Audience Award for Best Film at the Kozlin Film Festival 2003, Poland
- Audience Award for Best Foreign Film at Thessaloniki Film Festival, 2003
- Nominated for Golden Alexander (Best Film) at Thessaloniki Film Festival, 2003
- Audience Award for Best Film at River to River. Florence Indian Film Festival, 2003
Cast[edit]
- Tulip Joshi - Kalki
- Sudhir Pandey - Ramsharan
- Sushant Singh - Sooraj
- Vinamra Pancharia - Raghu
- Aditya Srivastava - Raghu's Uncle
- Piyush Mishra - Jagannath
- Mukesh Bhatt- Raghu's elder brother
- Pankaj Jha - Rakesh
- Sanjay Kumar - Brijesh
- Rohitash Gaud - Pratab
Polyandry in India
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Polyandry in India refers to the accounts when polyandry was performed in Indian subcontinent. The popular Hindu epic, Mahabharatha provides the first striking example of polyandry, Draupadi, daughter of king of Panchla being married to five brothers.[1]Polyandry was mainly prevalent in the Kinnaur Region a part of Himachal in India which is close to the Tibet or currently the Indo-China border. As mentioned in the EpicMahabharata, The Pandavas were banished from their Kingdom for thirteen years and they spent the last year hiding in this hilly terrain of Kinnaur. A minority of the Kinaauri's still claim to be descendant of the Pandavas and thus justify the practice of Polyandry. However this is a debatable issue as Kinnauris existed much before the Pandavas as mentioned in the epic. Apart from Kinnaur, Polyandry was practised by some south Indian tribes, prevalent among the Todas of Nilgiris, Nairs of Travancoreand Ezhavas of Malabar. While polyandrous unions have disappeared from the traditions of many of the groups and tribes, it is still practiced by some Paharisespecially in Jaunsar Bawar region in Northern India.
Recent years, have seen the rise in fraternal polyandry in the agrarian societies inMalwa region of Punjab to avoid division of farming land.[2]
Contents
[hide]- 1 Kinnaur
- 2 Toda
- 3 Kerala
- 4 Jaunsar Bawar
- 5 Other tribes
- 6 See also
- 7 References
- 8 Further reading
Kinnaur[edit]
Polyandry is still in practice in many villages of Kinnaur. fraternal polyandry (where husbands are related to each other) is mainly in practice in this villages where the societies are male dominated and who still follow primitive rituals and customs. There are many forms of Polyandry which can be found here. Most often all the brothers are married to a girl and sometimes the marriage to brothers happen at a later date. The wife can only ascertain the blood-relationship of the children, though recently there had been a few instances of Fraternity Test using DNA samples, to solve inheritance disputes. The rules for breaking the marriage is strict and a brother going against the marriage agreement can be treated as an outcast while losing all his shares in the property. the territory of Kinnaur remained forbidden for many years as the land route was only established 30 years back.
Toda[edit]
Todas are tribal people residing in the Nilgiri hills in South India who once practiced polyandry.[3] They practiced a form of polyandrous relationship which is considered to be a classic example of polyandry. They practiced both fraternal and sequential polyandry. The males who shared one or two wives were almost always full or half-brothers.[4] Polyandry among Todas existed for several centuries. A Toda woman when married was automatically married to her husband's brothers.[5] One of the husbands who is arranged to perform the ceremony of giving bow and arrow to a child becomes the father when a child is born. When the next child is born, another husband performs the duties and thus becomes a father.[6]
Kerala[edit]
Polyandry and polygamy were prevalent in Kerala till the late 19th century and isolated incidents were reported till mid-20th century. The castes practicing polyandry were Nairs,Thiyyas, Kammalans and a few of the artisan castes.[7][8] In case of Nairs and other related castes, a man's property is inherited by his sister's children and not his own.[9] Several unrelated men had a common wife in Nair polyandry. Under Nair polyandry, the only conceivable blood-relationship could be ascertained through females.[10] However, polyandry among Nairs is a contested issue with opinion divided between ones who support its existence[11][12] and ones who do not support it based on the fact that no stable conjugal relationship is formed in Nair polyandry.[13]
Jaunsar Bawar[edit]
Polyandry is still practised in Jaunsar-Bawar in Uttarkhand.[14] A distinct group of people called Paharis live in the lower ranges ofHimalayas in Northern India from southeastern Kashmir all the way through Nepal. Polyandry has been reported among these people in many districts but studied in great detail in Jaunsar-Bawar. It is a region in Dehradun district in Uttar Pradesh. The practice is believed to have descended from their ancestors who had earlier settled down in the plains from Himalayas.[15] Polyandrous union occurs in this region when a woman marries the eldest son in a family. The woman automatically becomes the wife of all his brothers upon her marriage. The brothers can be married to more than one woman if the first woman was sterile or if the age differential of the brothers were high. The wife is shared equally by all brothers and no one in the group has exclusive privilege to the wife. The woman considers all the men in the group her husband and the children recognise them all their father.[16][17]
Other tribes[edit]
Fraternal polyandry exists among the Khasa of Dehra Dun; and among the Gallong of Arunachal Pradesh, the Mala Madessar, the Mavilan, etc. of Kerala. Non-fraternal polyandry exists among the Kota; and among the Karvazhi, Pulaya, Muthuvan, and Mannan in Kerala.[18] In 1911 Census of India, E.A. Gait mentions polyandry of the Tibetans, Bhotias, Kanets of Kulu valley, people of state ofBashahr, Thakkars and Megs of Kashmir, Gonds of Central Provinces, Todas and Kurumbas of Nilgiris, Tolkolans of Malabar, Ishavans,Kaniyans and Kammalans of Cochin, Muduvas of Travancore and of Nairs.[1
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