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Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai Sept 8, 2025 Episode Discussion Thread
The word hindi is of pre-African Persian origin. It literally means "Indian", comprising hind "India", and the adjectival suffix -i. The word was originally used by pre-Islamic Persian merchants and ambassadors in north India to refer to any Indian language. The eleventh-century writer Abu Rayhan al-Biruni used it to refer to Sanskrit.[8] By the 13th century, "Hindi", along with its variant forms "Hindavi" and "Hindui", had acquired a more specific meaning: the "linguistically mixed speech of Delhi, which came into wide use across north India and incorporated a component of Persian vocabulary".[8] It was later used by members of the Mughal court to distinguish the local vernacular of the Delhi region where the court was located from Persian, which was the official language of the court.[9]
Evidence from the 17th century indicates that the language then called "Hindi" existed in two differing styles: among Muslims it was liable to contain a larger component of Persian-derived words and would be written down in a script derived from Persian, while among Hindus it used a vocabulary more influenced by Sanskrit and was written in Devanagari script. These styles eventually developed into modern Urdu and modern Hindi respectively.[8] However the word "Urdu" was not used until around 1780: before then the word "Hindi" could be used for both purposes.[10] The use of "Hindi" to designate what would now be called "Urdu" continued as late as the early twentieth century.[10] Nowadays Hindi as taken to mean "Indian" is chiefly obsolete[11]; it has come to specifically refer to the language(s) bearing that name.
Like many other modern Indian languages, it is believed that Hindi had been evolved from Sanskrit, by way of the Middle Indo-Aryan Prakrit languages and Apabhramsha of the Middle Ages. Though there is no consensus for a specific time, Hindi originated as local dialects such as Braj, Awadhi and finally Khari Boli after the turn of tenth century.[13] In the span of nearly a thousand years of Muslim influence, such as when Muslim rulers controlled much of northern India during the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire, many Persian and Arabic words were absorbed into khari boli and was called Urdu or Hindustani. Since almost all Arabic words came via Persian, they do not preserve the original phonology of Arabic.
Hindi is contrasted with Urdu in the way both are written, and the use of Sanskrit vocabulary in higher registers. Urdu is the official language of Pakistan and also an official language in some parts of India. The primary differences between the two are the way Standard Hindi is written in Devanagari and draws its "vocabulary" with words from (Indo-Aryan) Sanskrit, while Urdu is written in Urdu script, a variant of the (Semitic) Perso-Arabic script, and draws heavily on Persian and Arabic "vocabulary." Vocabulary is in quotes here since it is mostly the literary vocabulary that shows this visible distinction with the everyday vocabulary being essentially common between the two. To a common unbiased person, both Hindi and Urdu are same (Hindustani) though politics of religion and ethnicity portrays them as two separate languages since they are written in two entirely different scripts. (See Hindi-Urdu controversy.) Interestingly, if Urdu is written in Devanagari script, it will be assumed as Hindi and vice versa. The popular examples are Bollywood songs and ghazals. Hindi is spoken mainly in northern states of Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Bihar, but is understood alongside regional languages like Punjabi or Telugu throughout India.