Originally posted by: K.Universe.
Not a "current affair" which makes this thread belong to DM 
Around 3000 BCE, earliest known peoples in that region were Canaanites.
Then came the biblical narrative, emphasis on narrative, which says that the Israelites established a series of kingdoms in the region, including the United Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah.
What followed historically were the Assyrian Empire and later the Babylonian Empire which conquered and exiled the Israelites.
Then the region came under Persian control and later became part of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire after the conquests of Alexander the Great.
In 63 BCE, the Roman Empire took control of the region, including Jerusalem. There were several Jewish revolts against Roman rule.
After the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire controlled the region.
In the 7th century, Muslim armies under the Rashidun Caliphs conquered the region, marking the Islamic conquest of Jerusalem. This was followed by crusader rules followed by Ottoman empire which lasted almost till 1920's.
I presume you know what happened after the 1920's.
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