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(May Peace, Mercy and Blessings of Allah be on all of you)
Congratulations for having the blessed month of RAMADAN (the 9th month of Islamic Calendar, which consists of 29 - 30 days) again in which the Paradise gates are open. Allah Almighty gave us another opportunity for having our sins forgiven and getting His blessings Alhamdu-lilah (all the praise is for Allah).
Narrated by Abu Huraira (May Allah be pleased with him): Allah's Apostle May Peace be upon Him said, "When the month of Ramadan starts, the gates of the heaven are opened and the gates of Hell are closed and the devils are chained." (Bukhari, Vol 3, Book 31, Number 123; Muslim, Book 006, Number 2361).Fasting is one of the five pillars of Islam and this is obligatory for all MUSLIMS during RAMADAN.
Narrated by By Abdullah bin 'Umar bin al-Khattab(May Allah be pleased with him): I heard the Messenger of Allah (May Peace be upon Him), said: "Islam has been built upon five things, on testifying that there is no god save Allah, and that Muhammad is His Messenger; on performing salah; on giving the zakah; on Hajj to the House; and on fasting during Ramadan." (Muslim Hadith 113, Bukhari).
Fasting has been obligatory in every religion before Islam and Allah told us in Qur'an (Surah Baqrah Verse 183) about the Fasts of Ramadan being OBLIGATORY and their purpose.
It is blessing to take a meal little before Dawn (before Fajer time) so none should avoid taking it.
Narrated by Anas bin Malik (May Allah be pleased with him): The Prophet (May Peace be upon Him), said, "Take Suhur (meal a little before dawn) as there is a blessing in it." (Bukhari Volume 3, Book 31, Number 146; Muslim Book 006, Number 2412)
[There is NO authentic Invocation / Supplication / Dua found in any hadith for fasting as its the intention and no need to say anything.]
Allah gave a relaxation to the old / sick people from fasting. The sick people can complete the counting of fasting days whenever they are well and if some old / sick person can never fast in life, he / she is allowed to skip fasts but they must feed some poor for 2 times / each fast as fasting compensations.
[Fasting for] a limited number of days. So whoever among you is ill or on a journey [during them] - then an equal number of days [are to be made up]. And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] - a ransom [as substitute] of feeding a poor person [each day]. And whoever volunteers excess - it is better for him. But to fast is best for you, if you only knew.The month of Ramadan [is that] in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it; and whoever is ill or on a journey - then an equal number of other days. Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship and [wants] for you to complete the period and to glorify Allah for that [to] which He has guided you; and perhaps you will be grateful. (Surah Al-Baqrah 184-185)
Ramadan is a training month for Muslims so they can learn self control from the wrong doings and disobedience of Allah. While fasting they are bound to stop themselves from the wrong deeds like back biting, fighting, abusing and from all evil deeds as the fasts are not acceptable if no one stops doing the wrong acts. Allah doesn't want us to be hungry or thirsty but wants us to become righteous as mentioned above in Surah Baqrah verse 183.
Narrated by Abu Huraira (May Allah be pleased with him): The Prophet May Peace be upon Him said "Whoever does not give up forged speech and evil actions, Allah is not in need of his leaving his food and drink (i.e. Allah will not accept his fasting.)" (Bukhari Volume 3, Book 31, Number 127).
Narrated by Abu Huraira (May Allah be pleased with him): Allah's Apostle (May Peace be upon Him) said, "Fasting is a shield (or a screen or a shelter). So, the person observing fasting should avoid sexual relation with his wife and should not behave foolishly and impudently, and if somebody fights with him or abuses him, he should tell him twice, 'I am fasting." The Prophet added, "By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, the smell coming out from the mouth of a fasting person is better in the sight of Allah than the smell of musk. (Allah says about the fasting person), 'He has left his food, drink and desires for My sake. The fast is for Me. So I will reward (the fasting person) for it and the reward of good deeds is multiplied ten times." (Bukhari Volume 3, Book 31, Number 118).
Narrated by Abu Huraira (May Allah be pleased with him): The Prophet May Peace be upon Him said "Whoever does not give up forged speech and evil actions, Allah is not in need of his leaving his food and drink (i.e. Allah will not accept his fasting.)" (Bukhari Volume 3, Book 31, Number 127).
Narrated by Abu Huraira (May Allah be pleased with him): Allah's Apostle (May Peace be upon Him) said, "Fasting is a shield (or a screen or a shelter). So, the person observing fasting should avoid sexual relation with his wife and should not behave foolishly and impudently, and if somebody fights with him or abuses him, he should tell him twice, 'I am fasting." The Prophet added, "By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, the smell coming out from the mouth of a fasting person is better in the sight of Allah than the smell of musk. (Allah says about the fasting person), 'He has left his food, drink and desires for My sake. The fast is for Me. So I will reward (the fasting person) for it and the reward of good deeds is multiplied ten times." (Bukhari Volume 3, Book 31, Number 118).
Eating / drinking is not allowed during fast timings. i.e. from Fajer to Maghrib (Dawn to Sunset) but it doesn't break fast if done unintentionally.
Narrated by Abu Huraira (May Allah be pleased with him): The Prophet (May Peace be upon Him) said, "If somebody eats or drinks forgetfully then he should complete his fast, for what he has eaten or drunk, has been given to him by Allah." (Bukhari Volume 3, Book 31, Part of Hadith Number 154)
Breaking fast must be done immediately after sunset (at Maghrib time) and must not be delayed.
Narrated by Sahl bin Sad (May Allah be pleased with him): Allah's Apostle (May Peace be upon Him) said, "The people will remain on the right path as long as they hasten the breaking of the fast." (Bukhari Volume 3, Book 31, Number 178).
Supplication / Invocation / Dua for breaking fast.
Praying at Night in Ramadan with sincere faith will be cause of forgiveness of sins, insha'Allah (if Allah wills).
Narrated by Abu Huraira (May Allah be pleased with him): I heard Allah's Apostle (May Peace be upon Him) saying regarding Ramadan, "Whoever prayed at night in it (the month of Ramadan) out of sincere Faith and hoping for a reward from Allah, then all his previous sins will be forgiven." (Bukhari Volume 3, Book 31, Number 226).
Charity is a good any time but its best in Ramadan as we are promised to get 10 times more reward for each good deed in it.
Narrated by Ibn 'Abbas(May Allah be pleased with him): The Prophet (May Peace be upon Him) was the most generous amongst the people, and he used to be more so in the month of Ramadan when Gabriel (angel) visited him, and Gabriel used to meet him on every night of Ramadan till the end of the month. The Prophet used to recite the Holy Qur'an to Gabriel, and when Gabriel met him, he used to be more generous than a fast wind (which causes rain and welfare). (Bukhari Volume 3, Book 31, Number 126).
Itikaf (staying in Mosque / Masjid for a certain period) is also practiced by Prophet Mohammad Peace by upon him in Ramadan so one who can practice it easily should practice it.
Narrated by 'Aisha (May Allah be pleased with her): Allah's Apostle (May Peace be upon Him) used to practice Itikaf in the last ten nights of Ramadan and used to say, "Look for the Night of Qadr in the last ten nights of the month of Ramadan ," (Bukhari Volume 3, Book 32, Number 237).
Fasting during Ramadan is a blessed act as there is a seperate gate of Heaven for the fasting people for their special honor.
There is a gate in Paradise called Ar-Raiyan, and those who observe fasts will enter through it on the Day of Resurrection and none except them will enter through it.
( Bukhari: Volume 3, Book 31, Number 120)
Necessary Info / Facts about Ramadan
Narrated by Abu Huraira (May Allah be pleased with him): The Prophet (May Peace be upon Him) said, "None of you should fast a day or two before the month of Ramadan unless he has the habit of fasting (Nawafil) (and if his fasting coincides with that day) then he can fast that day." (Bukhari Volume 3, Book 31, Number 138)
Narrated by Abu Huraira (May Allah be pleased with him): I heard Prophet (May Peace be upon Him) saying, "None of you should fast on Friday unless he fasts a day before or after it." (Bukhari Volume 3, Book 31, Number 206)
Narrated by 'Aisha (May Allah be pleased with her): Allah's Apostle (May Peace be upon Him) said, "Whoever died and he ought to have fasted (the missed days of Ramadan) then his guardians must fast on his behalf." (Bukhari Volume 3, Book 31, Number 173)
Al-Bukhari (1782) and Muslim (1256) narrated that Ibn Abbaas said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to a woman from among the Ansaar Ibn Abbaas mentioned her name but I forgot it "What kept you from performing Hajj with us?" She said: We only have two camels and the father of her son and her son had gone for Hajj on one camel, and he left us the other camel so that we could carry water on it. He said: "When Ramadan comes, go for Umrah, for Umrah in (that month) is equivalent to Hajj."
Narrated by Abu Huraira (May Allah be pleased with him): the Apstole of Allah (May Peace be upon Him) commanded the person (who) broke the fast in Ramadan to free a slave or observe fasts for two (consecutive) months or feed sixty poor persons. (Muslim Book 006, Number 2461)
Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with him) said that the Apostle of Allah (May Peace Be upon Him) forbade uninterrupted fasting. They (some of the Companions) said: You yourself fast uninterruptedly, whereupon he said: I am not like you. I am fed and supplied drink (by Allah)." (Bukhari Volume 3, Book 31, Number 183-188; Muslim Book 006, Number 2426).
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (May peace Be Upon Him) forbade to observe fast on these two days. 'Id-ul-Adha and 'Id-ul-Fitr. (Muslim Book 006, Number 2534)
By Zayd ibn Khaalid al-Juhani (may Allaah be pleased with him): The Messenger of Allah (May Peace be upon him) said: "Whoever gives Iftar to one who is fasting will have a reward like his, without that detracting from the fasting person's reward in the slightest."
(Al-Tirmidhi, 807; Ibn Maajah, 1746; classed as saheeh by Al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi, 647.)
Narrated by Abu Huraira (May Allah be pleased with him): the Prophet (May Peace be upon Him) said "He who vomits involuntarily is not required to fast later on; but the one who deliberately causes himself to vomit must fast later on. (Abu Dawud, Sawm: 32; Al Tirmidhi, Sawm: 25; Ibn Majah, Sawm 16)
Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet, (May Peace be upon Him), said: "There are three people whose supplications are not rejected: the fasting person when he breaks the fast, the just ruler and the supplication of the oppressed". [Al-Baihaqi, Silsilah Ahadith us Sahiha, Lilbani, Part 4, Number 1797; Tirmithi, Ibn Majah and Ibn Hibban]
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